贵州省核桃叶斑病病原菌鉴定、生物学特性及防治药剂筛选

Identification and biological characteristics of walnut leaf spot disease pathogen in Guizhou and screening of fungicides

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确贵州省核桃叶斑病的病原菌分类地位及生物学特性,筛选有效的杀菌剂,为核桃叶斑病的田间防治提供理论参考。【方法】以采集自贵州省毕节市赫章县核桃种植基地的核桃叶斑病病叶为材料,采用组织分离法分离纯化病原菌,利用柯赫氏法则对病原菌进行致病性测定,对病原菌的ITS、β-tubulinTEF1-α基因序列进行扩增,结合形态学特征及多基因序列联合分析对病原菌进行分类鉴定,采用单因子变量法测定病原菌的生物学特性,采用室内毒力测定评估17种常用杀菌剂对病原菌的抑制效果。【结果】从贵州省赫章县核桃病叶样品中共分离得到18株菌株,选取代表性菌株C5进行形态学和致病性测定。致病性测定结果显示,菌株C5为核桃叶斑病的致病菌,该菌的形态特征与木贼镰刀菌(Fusarium equiseti)相似,且多基因联合聚类分析显示与F. equiseti yl-1聚为一支。菌株C5生长最适温度为20~25 ℃、最适光周期为18 h∶6 h(光照∶黑暗),可利用多种碳源和氮源,最佳碳源为蔗糖、最佳氮源为牛肉膏;湿度为70%时分生孢子的萌发率最高。17种供试杀菌剂中,45%咪鲜胺ME、30%唑醚·戊唑醇SC、0.15%四霉素AS、40%腈菌唑SC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG和1%申嗪霉素SC对菌株C5菌丝生长的抑制效果较好,其抑制中浓度(EC50)分别为0.0006、0.0016、0.0046、0.0062、0.0084和0.0097 μg/mL。【结论】贵州省毕节市赫章县核桃种植区核桃叶斑病的病原菌为木贼镰刀菌,首选45%咪鲜胺ME或0.15%四霉素AS防治该病害,30%唑醚·戊唑醇SC、40%腈菌唑SC、10%苯醚甲环唑WG和1%申嗪霉素SC可作为备选防治药剂。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the classification status and biological characteristics of the pothogen of walnut leaf spot disease in Guizhou and screen effective fungicides,so as to provide theoretical basis for controlling the walnut leaf spot disease in the field.【Method】The leaves of walnut leaf spot disease collected from walnut planting base in Hezhang,Bijie,Guizhou were used as materials. Tissue separation method was used to isolate and purify the pathogenic bacteria,and Koch’s rule was used to determine the pathogenicity of the pathogen. The sequences of ITS, β-tubulin and TEF1-α genes in the pothogen were amplified respectively. Based on morphological characteristics and multigenes sequence analysis,the pathogen was classified and identified. Biological characteristics of the pathogen was determined by one-way variation method. Indoor toxicology test was conducted to evaluate the inhibtion effects of 17 common fungicides on leaf spot disease.【Result】Eighteen fungal isolates were obtained from the diseased walnut leaves in Hezhang,Bijie,Guizhou,and representative strain C5 was selected for morphological and pathogenicity determination. The pathogenicity detection results indicated that strain C5 was the pathogen causing walnut leaf spot disease. Morphological characteristics of strain C5 was similar to those of Fursarium equiseti,and multigenes cluster analysis showed that the pathogen was clustered in the same branch with F. equiseti yl-1. The optimum growth temperature of strain C5 was 20- 25 ℃,the optimum photoperiod were 18 h∶6 h(light∶dark). Diverse carbon and nitrogen resources could be used,the optimum carbon source was sucrose,the best nitrogen source was beef paste. The germination rate of conidia was the highest under 70% humidity. Among the tested 17 fungicides,45% prochloraz ME,30% pyraclostrobin·tebuconazole SC,0.15% tetramycin AS,40% myclobutanil SC,10% difenoconazole WG and 1% phenazino-1-carboxylic acid SC had better inhibitory effects on the growth of strain C5 mycelium,and their median inhibitory concentrations(EC50)were 0.0006,0.0016,0.0046,0.0062,0.0084 and 0.0097 μg/mL respectively.【Conclusion】The pathogen of leaf spot disease from the walnut growing area in Hezhang,Bijie,Guizhou is F. equiseti. 45% prochloraz ME or 0.15% tetramycin AS can be the first choice for controlling the disease,and 30% pyraclostrobin·tebuconazole SC,40% myclobutanil SC,10% difenoconazole WG and 1% phenazino-1-carboxylic acid SC can be used as alternative fungicides.

     

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