Abstract: 【Objective】In this study，the diffusion and accumulation of rice orange leaf phytoplasma（ROLP）in rice plants and its transmission characteristics by its main vector，Recilia dorsalis，were investigated. This would enhance the understanding of the occurrence patterns of rice orange leaf disease and provide scientific basis for pathogen preservation and field disease control.【Method】Semi-quantitative PCR and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR were used to detect the accumulation dynamics of ROLP in different tissues of infected rice plants and its proliferation dynamics in R. dorsalis. Second- to third-instar nymphs of R. dorsalis were used as vectors. The ROLP acquisition efficiency of R. dorsalis at approximately 20 days post infection（dpi）feeding on ROLP source plants for varying durations was determined. The circulative period of ROLP in R. dorsalis was determined through rice seedling infection experiment. The transmission efficiency of ROLP from R. dorsalis to three- to four-leaf stage rice seedlings was determined by single-insect and singleseedling co-culture experiment.【Result】After rice seedlings were infected，ROLP initially proliferated slowly in the infected leaves，and expanded downward through the main stem after 10 to 15 d. Subsequently，it proliferated extensively in the stem and leaf tissues of tillers，causing tiller disease onset after about 30 d. Only trace amount of strains or no strains were detected in the upper stem and leaf tissue of infected leaves，and only trace amounts of strains were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR in the root. The ROLP acquisition rates of second- to third-instar R. dorsalis after feeding on source plants for 15，25 and 35 d were 26.67%，71.11% and 85.56% respectively. The circulative period of ROLP in R. dorsalis was approximately 25 d. Inoculative single R. dorsalis that completed the circulative period could transmit ROLP to 24.44%，46.67% and 47.78% rice seedlings after feeding on single plant for 12，24，and 48 h respectively.【Conclusion】The distribution of ROLP is uneven in rice plants，with the highest content in the stem and leaf tissues of tillers around 30 dpi. No ROLP is found in the upper stems and leaf tissues of infected leaves. ROLP acquisition feeding time，circulative period and transmission feeding time of ROLP for efficient transmission by R. dorsalis are 15 d， 25 d and 24 h respectively.