不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖品质特征

Quality characteristics of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. polysaccharides extracted by different methods

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究不同提取方法对山茱萸多糖品质特征的影响,为山茱萸多糖的深加工及其开发利用提供参考依据。【方法】分别以热水提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法、酸提取法、碱提取法和复合酶提取法等6种方法提取山茱萸多糖,比较不同提取方法对山茱萸多糖的提取率、总糖含量、抗氧化能力、理化性质和结构表征的影响。【结果】不同提取方法所得的山茱萸多糖品质特征具有差异性。其中,碱提取法提取的山茱萸多糖提取率(15.13%)、总糖含量(93.43%)、铁离子还原能力(1.31 mmol/g),以及多糖中的C=O和C-H含量均高于其他方法;微波辅助提取法提取的山茱萸多糖吸油性(19.00 mL/g)和泡沫稳定性(41.67%)均高于其他方法;复合酶提取法提取的山茱萸多糖体外胆固醇吸附能力(621.80 mg/g)最强,且对1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基的平均清除率(60.06%)明显高于其他方法;而热水提取法提取的山茱萸多糖质量浓度为0.2 mg/mL时,其对2,2-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)自由基清除率(61.20%)明显高于其他方法;超声辅助提取法提取的山茱萸多糖起泡性(17.00%)显著高于其他方法(P<0.05)。傅里叶变换红外光谱显示,不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖中官能团含量不同;扫描电镜分析结果显示,热水提取法和微波辅助提取法提取的山茱萸多糖表面光滑平整,结构排列紧密,超声波辅助提取法和复合酶提取法提取的山茱萸多糖分子间排斥力强;X射线衍射分析结果显示,碱提取法提取的山茱萸多糖在32º和45º时有明显且强烈的吸收峰,而热水提取法、微波辅助提取法、超声波辅助提取法、酸提取法和复合酶提取法提取到的山茱萸多糖有相似结构;热稳定分析中,碱提取法提取的山茱萸多糖热稳定性高于其他方法,在800 ℃时质量损失率为50.92%。【结论】不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖结构、抗氧化活性和理化性质各不相同,但不同方法对其热力学特征影响较小,呈相似的变化趋势。可根据不同方法提取的山茱萸多糖特点进行开发利用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of different extraction methods on the quality characteristics of Cornus officinalis Sieb. et Zucc. polysaccharides were studied to provide reference for the deep processing and development and utilization of C. officinalis polysaccharides.【Method】Six methods were used to extract C. officinalis polysaccharides,including hot water extraction,microwave-assisted extraction,ultrasonic-assisted extraction,acid extraction,alkaline extraction and composite enzyme extraction,and the effects of the different extraction methods on the yields of C. officinalis polysaccharides,the contents of total sugars,antioxidant capacity,physicochemical properties,and structural characterization of C. officinalis polysaccharides were compared.【Result】The quality characteristics of C. officinalis polysaccharides obtained by different extraction methods were different. The extraction rate(15.13%)total sugar content(93.43%),ferric ion reducing ability(1.31 mmol/g),and C=O and C-H contents in polysaccharides obtained by alkaline extraction method were higher than those obtained by other methods;the oil absorption(19.00 mL/g)and foam stability(41.67%)of C. officinalis polysaccharides extracted by microwave-assisted extraction were higher than those obtained by other methods;the cholesterol adsorption capacity(621.80 mg/g)of the polysaccharides extracted by composite enzyme extraction method was the strongest,and the scavenging rate of 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine(DPPH)radical(60.06%)was greatly higher than that of the other methods;when the mass concentration of C. officinalis polysaccharide extracted by hot water extraction was 0.2 mg/mL,the scavenging rate of 2, 2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)diammonium salt(ABTS)free radical(61.20%)was greatly higher than that of other methods. The foaming ability of polysaccharides extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction(17.00%)was significantly higher than that of other methods(P<0.05). In addition,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that the contents of functional groups in C. officinalis polysaccharides extracted by different methods were different;scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that the surface of C. officinalis polysaccharides extracted by hot water extraction and microwave-assisted extraction were smooth and flat, and the structure of the extracted polysaccharides was tightly aligned;C. officinalis polysaccharides by ultrasonic-assisted extraction and composite enzyme extraction had a strong intermolecular repulsive force;X-ray diffraction suggested that there were obvious and strong absorption peaks at 32º and 45º for C. officinalis polysaccharides extracted by alkaline extraction method,while those extracted by hot water extraction method,microwave-assisted extraction method,ultrasonicassisted extraction method,acid extraction method and composite enzyme extraction method had a similar structure;in the thermal stability analysis,the thermal stability of C. officinalis polysaccharides extracted by alkali extraction method was higher than that of other methods,and the mass loss was about 50.2% at 800 ℃.【Conclusion】The structure,antioxidant activity and physicochemical properties of C. officinalis polysaccharides extracted by various methods are different, but different methods have slight effect on their thermodynamic characteristics,showing a similar trend. It can be developed and applied according to the characteristics of polysaccharides extracted by different methods.

     

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