广西北部湾织锦巴非蛤中培和养成期生长特性的比较

Comparison of growth characteristics of Paphia textile in middle culture and adult periods in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi

  • 摘要: 【目的】 探明织锦巴非蛤(Paphia textile)在广西北部湾海域中培和养成期的适养密度和生长规律,为开展织锦巴非蛤规模化及高效养殖提供参考依据。【方法】 于2022年1月—2023年7月分别在北海市营盘镇沙虫坪海区、防城港市白龙珍珠湾海区、钦州市犀牛脚镇渔港海区滩涂进行中培、养成及网笼吊养试验,比较织锦巴非蛤在不同海区、不同养殖密度下的生长性能差异,并通过幂函数回归分析法建立织锦巴非蛤的壳长—体质量异速生长方程。【结果】 织锦巴非蛤在北海市营盘镇沙虫坪海区、防城港市白龙珍珠湾海区、钦州市犀牛脚镇渔港海区的适宜中培密度分别为2000、2000和1000粒/筐,北海市营盘镇沙虫坪海区织锦巴非蛤的各项生长指标及存活率均优于防城港市白龙珍珠湾海区和钦州市犀牛脚镇渔港海区,且随中培密度的增加呈下降趋势。养成期3个海区的织锦巴非蛤适宜养成密度分别为60、50和40粒/筐,相同密度组的生长指标及存活率均表现为北海市营盘镇沙虫坪海区>防城港市白龙珍珠湾海区>钦州市犀牛脚镇渔港海区。防城港市白龙珍珠湾海区网笼吊养模式下,织锦巴非蛤各项生长指标和存活率均随吊养密度的增加呈下降趋势,网笼吊养密度不宜超过50粒/笼。3个海区中培期3月龄织锦巴非蛤壳长与体质量的生长关系表现为正异速生长(快速生长),而海区养成期9月龄和网笼吊养期的18月龄织锦巴非蛤表现为负异速生长(慢速生长)。【结论】 在广西北部湾海域低潮区采用筐式底播模式进行织锦巴非蛤中培和养成具有可行性,且养殖效果以北海市营盘镇沙虫坪海区最佳,适宜中培密度为2000粒/筐,养成密度为60粒/筐。此外,15月龄织锦巴非蛤适宜在防城港白龙珍珠湾海区进行网笼吊养,能改善底播模式下织锦巴非蛤易受捕食者和夏季高温的影响。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study aimed to investigate the suitable culture density and growth patterns of Paphia textile during the middle culture and adult periods in the Beibu Gulf sea area of Guangxi, providing data reference for scale and efficient culture of P. textile in this region. 【Method】 From January 2022 to July 2023, middle culture, adult culture, and cage-hanging culture experiments were conducted in the intertidal zones of Shachongping, Yingpan, Beihai sea area, Zhenzhuwan, Bailong Fangchenggang sea area, Fishing port, Xiniujiao, Qinzhou sea area. Growth performance of P.textile at different sea areas and densities was compared. The shell length-body mass allometric growth equations were established using power function regression analysis. 【Result】 The suitable middle culture densities for P. textile in Shachongping, Yingpan, Beihai sea area, Zhenzhuwan, Bailong Fangchenggang sea area, Fishing port, Xiniujiao, Qinzhou sea area were 2000, 2000 and 1000 grain/basket, respectively. P. textile in Shachongping, Yingpan, Beihai sea area showed better growth performance and survival rate than the other two locations, and showed a decreasing trend with increasing culture density. During the adult period, the suitable densities were 60, 50, and 40 grain/basket in the above three sea areas, respectively, with growth indexes and survival rates ranking as Shachongping, Yingpan, Beihai sea area>Zhenzhuwan, Bailong Fangchenggang sea area>Fishing port, Xiniujiao, Qinzhou sea area. In the cage-hanging culture experiment in Zhenzhuwan, Bailong Fangchenggang sea area, the growth indexes and survival rate decreased with increasing density, the appropriate cage-hanging density was no more than 50 grain/cage. During the middle culture period, the growth relationship between shell length and body mass of 3-month-old P. textile showed positive allometric growth(rapid growth). However, 9-month-old P. textile during the adult culture period and 18-month-old P. textile during cagehanging culture period showed negative allometric growth(slow growth). 【Conclusion】 Basket bottom sowing mode in the intertidal zone in Beibu Gulf of Guangxi is feasible for middle culture and adult culture of P. textile. Shachongping, Yingpan, Beihai sea area is the optimal location among three sea areas, with suitable density of 2000 grain/basket for middle culture, and 60 grain/basket for adult culture. Cage-hanging culture in Zhenzhuwan, Bailong Fangchenggang sea area is suitable for 15-month-old P. textile, which can mitigate the negative impacts of predation and high summer temperatures experienced in bottom sowing culture.

     

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