Abstract: 【Objective】 To understand the differences of fruit-seed traits and germination capacity of Handeliodendron bodinieri from different provenances, to excavate wild high-quality germplasm resources of H. bodinieri, and to provide reference for carrying out selection of superior provenances. 【Method】 The fruits/seeds of H. bodinieri from five provenances in Tianlin, Leye, Fengshan and Huanjiang in Guangxi and Dushan in Guizhou were used as test materials. Seventeen traits and seed germination indicators were measured, including morphological size, moisture content, 1000-grain weight and germination percentage. The relationship between fruit-seed traits,germination capacity of H. bodinieri and provenances, geographical and climatic factors were revealed by correlation and cluster analysis, and a comprehensive evaluation was conducted. 【Result】 The differences of fruit-seed traits and germination capacity among the five provenances were extremely significant（P＜0.01, the same below）, with the largest coefficient of seed shape（1.44） for the Leye provenance and the highest moisture content（43.90%） for Fengshan provenance. The coefficients of variation of the 17 measured traits ranged from 5.02% to 103.72%, with the largest coefficient of variation in germination vigor and the smallest coefficient of variation in the average germination speed. The results of correlation analysis showed that germination percentage was significantly positively correlated with coefficient of seed shape and moisture content in seed（P＜0.05, the same below）, and germination index had extremely significantly positive correlation with moisture content in seed, indicating that the larger coefficient of seed shape, the narrower and longer the seeds, and the higher the moisture content in seed, the better the germination capacity. Fruit-seed traits and germination capacity had no significant correlation with latitude and longitude（P＞0.05）, but were positively and negatively correlated with altitude and annual mean precipitation, respectively. The results of principal component analysis showed that top four principal components reached cumulative variance contribution rate of 87.110%. The results of cluster analysis showed that Tianlin, Huanjiang, Leye and Dushan provenances with longer length and diameter of seed but lower germination percentage were classified into one group, while Fengshan provenance with shorter length and diameter of seed but higher germination percentage was a separate group. Among the tested provenances, Leye provenance had the highest comprehensive score, followed by Tianlin provenance. 【Conclusion】 The phenotypic fruit-seed traits and germination capacity of H. bodinieri differ greatly from each other, and there are some correlations among the traits. The fruit-seed traits and germination characteristics of H.bodinieri are synergistically selected by altitude and annual mean precipitation, with random variation characteristics. The comprehensive evaluation shows that the Leye provenance has the best performance in fruit-seed traits and germination capacity, and can be bred by a potential fine provenance.