甘蔗种质材料田间抗螟性综合评价及筛选

Comprehensive evaluation and screening of sugarcane germplasm materials for field resistance to borers

  • 摘要: 【目的】 探索甘蔗种质材料田间抗螟性评价体系,并对163份不同甘蔗种质材料进行田间抗螟性评价,了解各材料对甘蔗螟虫的抗性表现,筛选优良的抗螟性甘蔗种质材料,为甘蔗抗螟种质创新、新品种选育及抗螟品种的推广应用提供参考。【方法】 通过田间甘蔗螟虫自然种群感虫法,跟踪调查163份甘蔗种质材料3年(1新2宿)田间的苗期螟害枯心率和生长中后期螟害节率,以新台糖22号(ROC22)作为抗螟性对照品种,计算各甘蔗种质材料的相对螟害减退率,并以相对螟害减退率及相应的甘蔗抗螟性分级评价体系对供试甘蔗种质材料进行抗螟性评价和筛选。【结果】 163个甘蔗种质材料“1新2宿”的螟害枯心率在1.74%~21.75%、螟害节率在1.17%~9.74%;供试材料中3年均进入苗期螟害枯心率最重前20名的材料只有CP09-4707,均进入苗期螟害枯心率最轻前20名的材料为0份,均进入中后期螟害节率最轻或最重前20名的材料也为0份。抗螟性评价结果表明,在新植苗期、新植生长中后期、第1年宿根苗期、第1年宿根生长中后期、第2年宿根苗期和第2年宿根生长中后期的抗螟性表现为中抗以上的甘蔗种质材料数量分别有96、151、48、88、106和147份;以韦恩图分析方法筛选出GT03-571、GT03-1438、GT03-2887、YT96-86、GT02-467、Q200、T6、T5、ROC22、T8和GT42共11份甘蔗种质材料在6个生长时期的抗螟性表现均在中抗以上。【结论】 建立了一种能有效结合甘蔗品种区域试验、对照品种明确易得、操作方法简单、可对甘蔗6个不同生长期抗螟性进行评价的评价体系。不同甘蔗种质材料间螟害率存在较大差异,抗螟性差异客观存在。筛选出11份在6个生长期抗螟性表现均在中抗以上的甘蔗种质材料,可用于抗螟新品种选育。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to explore an evaluation system for the field resistance to borers of sugarcane germplasms. In this study, the borer resistance of 163 different sugarcane germplasms were evaluated, the performance of borer resistance of each germplasm was studied, and superior germplasms with good borer-resistant performance were screened, in order to provide reference for the innovation of sugarcane germplasms with resistance to borers, the selection and breeding of new varieties, and the promotion and application of sugarcane germplasms with resistance to borers. 【Method】 Sugarcane germplasms were infested by sugarcane borers by its natrural population in the field. A total of 163 sugarcane germplasms were tracked and investigated for three years(including one year of new plants and two years of ratoons). The dead heart rate at seedling stage and the rate of bored internodes at middle and late growth stage were calculated. ROC22 was used as the control variety for borer resistance, relative borer damage reduction rate for each sugarcane germplasm was calculated compared to the control variety. Relative borer damage reduction rate and a corresponding classification evaluation system of sugarcane borer resistance were both used to evaluate and screen the sugarcane germplasms for borer resistance. 【Result】 In the 163 sugarcane germplasms, the dead heart rates at stages of one year of new plants and two years of ratoons ranged from 1.74% to 21.75%, and the rates of bored internodes ranged from 1.17% to 9.74%. Among these tested germplasms, only CP09-4707 ranked among the top 20 with the most damaged dead heart rate at seedling stage for three consecutive years, 0 germplasm ranked among the top 20 with the least damaged dead heart rate at seedling stage for three consecutive years, and 0 germplasm ranked among the top 20 with the least or most damaged rate of bored internodes at middle and late growth stage for three consecutive years. The results of borer resistance evaluation showed that there were 96, 151, 48, 88, 106 and 147 germplasms respectively, were evaluated to be with moderate to above level of borer resistance at seedling stage, middle and late growth stage of new planting, seedling stage of the first year ratoon, middle and late growth stage of the first year ratoon, seedling stage of the second year ratoon, middle and late growth stage of the second year ratoon. Using Venn diagram analysis, 11 sugarcane germplasms were selected with moderate to above level of borer resistance at the 6 growth stages, they were GT03-571, GT03-1438, GT03-2887, YT96-86, GT02-467, Q200, T6, T5, ROC22, T8 and GT42. 【Conclusion】 An evaluation system has been established that can effectively integrate the regional trials of sugarcane germplasms, with easily accessible control variety, simple operation method, and the ablility to evaluate the borer resistance of sugarcane at 6 different growth stages.There are great differences in infestation rate, and difference of borer resistance among different sugarcane germplasms exists. Eleven sugarcane germplasms with moderate to above level of borer resistance at 6 growth stages are selected, which can be used for the selection and breeding of new sugarcane varieties with borer resistance.

     

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