海拔变化对棒菜主要农艺性状及产量的影响

Effects of elevation variations on main agronomic traits and yield of Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen & Yang

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析海拔变化对棒菜(Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen&Yang)主要农艺性状及产量的影响,为优化川西高原棒菜种植区域提供理论依据。【方法】以金田3号棒菜为试材,采用变异分析研究其主要农艺性状和产量性状在不同海拔(1510、2081、2579和2936 m)的差异,采用相关分析、逐步回归分析和通径分析研究海拔及各性状指标与棒菜产量的关系。【结果】不同海拔高度下,棒菜各性状的变异系数为4.88%~33.51%,农艺性状以食用茎粗的变异系数最大,产量性状以单株毛重的变异系数最大。株高和食用茎长随海拔上升总体减小,且与海拔呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同);食用茎粗、皮厚、单株毛重、单株净重和小区产量随海拔上升总体先增大后减小,且与海拔呈极显著正相关;小区产量与食用茎粗、皮厚、单株毛重和单株净重呈显著(P<0.05)或极显著正相关。逐步回归分析结果表明,棒菜产量变化主要受海拔、食用茎粗、茎秆节间长度和单株毛重的影响,决定系数为0.993;4个自变量对小区产量的直接通径系数排序依次为海拔(0.484)>单株毛重(0.421))>食用茎粗(0.338)>茎秆节间长度(0.180),间接通径系数排序依次为食用茎粗(0.495)>单株毛重(0.479)>海拔(0.450)>茎秆节间长度(0.127)。【结论】为使金田3号棒菜在川西高原地区有较高的产量,应重点做好海拔、食用茎粗和单株毛重的选择,同时兼顾茎秆节间长度。金田3号棒菜在海拔2579 m产量最高,可在该区域适度扩大种植规模。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】By analyzing the effects of elevation variations on the main agronomic traits and yield of Brassica juncea var. crassicaulis Chen & Yang(tuber mustard), the present paper aimed to provide a theoretical basis for selecting the optimal planting area of tuber mustard variety in the Western Sichuan Plateau. 【Method】The study selected tuber mustard variety Jintian No. 3 as research material, employing variation analysis to study the differences of its main agronomic traits and yield traits at different elevations(1510, 2081, 2579 and 2936 m). The methods of correlation analysis, stepwise regression analysis and path analysis were employed to study the relationships among elevations, agronomic traits and yield traits of tuber mustard. 【Result】At different elevations, the coefficient of variation of various traits of tuber mustard ranged from 4.88% to 33.51%. Among agronomic traits,edible stem diameter had the highest coefficient of variation, while among yield traits,gross weight per plant had the highest coefficient of variation. Plant height and edible stem length generally decreased with elevation increasing, and there were extremely significant negative correlation with elevation(P<0.01, the same below). Edible stem diameter, peel thickness, gross weight per plant, net weight per plant and yield per plot generally increased initially and then decreased with elevation increasing, and there were extremely significant positive correlation with elevation. Yield per plot was significantly(P<0.05) or extremely significantly positively correlated with edible stem diameter, peel thickness, gross weight per plant and net weight per plant. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that yield of tuber mustard was primarily influenced by elevation, edible stem diameter, stem internode length and gross weight per plant, with a determination coefficient of 0.993. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of 4 independent variables on yield per plot were ranked as follows: elevation(0.484)>gross weight per plant(0.421)>edible stem diameter(0.338)>stem internode length(0.180), and the indirect path coefficients were ranked as follows: edible stem diameter(0.495)>gross weight per plant(0.479)>elevation(0.450)>stem internode length(0.127). 【Conclusion】In order to achieve a higher yield of tuber mustard variety Jintian No. 3 in the Western Sichuan Plateau, it is necessary to focus on the selection of elevation, edible stem diameter and gross weight per plant, while also taking stem internode length into account. The yield of tuber mustard variety Jintian No. 3 reaches the highest at the elevation of 2579 m, where the planting scale can be moderately expanded.

     

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