广西野生大豆种质资源青贮饲用品质综合评价与筛选

Comprehensive evaluation and screening of forage quality for silage of wild soybean germplasm resources collected from Guangxi

  • 摘要: 【目的】对广西野生大豆种质资源青贮饲用品质进行综合评价,筛选出青贮饲用品质优异的野生大豆种质资源,为青贮饲用大豆品种的选育及其饲用品质的遗传改良提供原始遗传材料。【方法】以94份广西野生大豆种质为供试材料,鼓粒期(R6)全株刈割后测定其饲用品质指标,对其进行相关分析和聚类分析,并采用隶属函数分析法、主成分分析法及隶属函数结合主成分分析法评价供试材料的青贮饲用品质,筛选出优异野生大豆种质。【结果】粗蛋白(CP)与粗脂肪(CF)呈极显著负相关(P<0.01,下同),与中性洗涤纤维(NDF)呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与相对饲喂价值(RFV)、干物质采食量(DMI)和相对饲草品质(RFQ)呈极显著正相关,表明选择高CP、高RFV、高可消化总养分(TDN)及高RFQ野生大豆种质的同时也会筛选出CF和NDF含量低的种质。系统聚类结果显示,在欧氏距离为20时,94份野生大豆被分为四大类,其中第Ⅱ类群包括9份种质,主要来源于桂林市全州县和兴安县,其主要特征为CP含量(平均值22.98%)、RFV(平均值133.26)、TDN(平均值58.10)、RFQ(平均值127.41)等饲用品质正向指标较高,CF含量(平均值21.39%)、ADF含量(平均值32.31%)、NDF含量(平均值44.51%)等饲用品质负向指标含量较低,是饲用品质优异种质类群。将隶属函数分析法、主成分分析法及隶属函数结合主成分分析法的3种评价结果进行对比,筛选出GXYSD33、GXYSD10、GXYSD43、GXYSD48等10份综合或单一品质性状优异的青贮饲用野生大豆种质资源,其中GXYSD33为青贮饲用品质特优种质,其CP含量(28.28%)、RFV(141.84)、RFQ(136.07)和TDN(61.83)等饲用品质正向指标均居供试种质之首。【结论】基于野生大豆青贮饲用品质性状间的显著和极显著相关性可实现多性状同步改良。筛选出的10份青贮饲用品质优异的野生大豆种质资源可作为青贮饲用大豆品种选育及其饲用品质遗传改良的理想遗传材料。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To comprehensively evaluate the forage quality for silage of wild soybean(Glycine soja) germplasm resources from Guangxi, identify superior germplasm with excellent silage qualities, and provide original genetic materials for breeding silage-specific forage soybean varieties and enhancing their forage quality. 【Method】A total of 94wild soybean germplasm resources collected from Guangxi were used as experimental materials, and the forage quality for silage of the experimental materials was determined after whole plant mowing at seed filling stage(R6). The methods of correlation analysis and cluster analysis were applied to assess these quality indicators. Membership function analysis, principal component analysis and a combination of both methods were used for the evaluation on forage quality for silage of the tested materials and screening of superior wild soybean germplasms. 【Result】Crude protein(CP) was extremely significantly negatively correlated with crude fat(CF)(P<0.01, the same below), significantly negatively correlated with neutral detergent fiber(NDF)(P<0.05) and significantly positively correlated with relative feed value(RFV), dry matter intake(DMI) and relative forage quality(RFQ). These results indicated that the germplasms with low CF and NDF contents could be selected when selecting the germplasms with high CP, high RFV, high total digestible nutrients(TDN), and high RFQ. The results of systematic clustering showed that 94 wild soybeans were divided into four categories at Euclidean distance of 20, among which group II included 9 germplasms mainly from Quanzhou County and Xing’an County in Guilin City. This group displayed higher positive forage quality indexes such as CP content(mean value was 22.98%), RFV(mean value was 133.26), TDN(mean value was 58.10) and RFQ(mean value was 127.41) as well as lower negative indexes, including CF content(mean value was 21.39%), ADF content(mean value was 32.31%) and NDF content(mean value was 44.51%), which indicated that the group II was the germplasm group with excellent forage quality.Comparison using membership function analysis, principal component analysis, and a combination of both methods were conducted to evaluate the germplasm. As a result, ten germplasm resources of wild soybean with multiple or single excellent quality traits for silage were identified, such as GXYSD33, GXYSD10, GXYSD43, GXYSD48 and so on. Among them, GXYSD33 was the superior germplasm with forage quality. Its CP content(28.28%), RFV(141.84), RFQ(136.07) and TDN(61.83) were all positive forage quality indicators, ranking the highest of all experimental materials.【Conclusion】The significant and extremely significant correlations among traits of forage quality for silage of wild soybeans lay a foundation for simultaneous improvement of multiple traits. The ten germplasm resources of wild soybean with excellent forage quality for silage selected in this research can be used as ideal genetic materials for breeding and genetic improvement of silage forage soybean varieties.

     

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