云南西双版纳澳洲坚果开花与结实特性

孔广红; 余文才; 李玲; 陶丽; 贺熙勇

doi:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2024.04.017

云南西双版纳澳洲坚果开花与结实特性

孔广红^1,2,3,
余文才¹,
李玲¹,
陶丽^1,2,,
贺熙勇^1,2,3,

1. 云南省热带作物科学研究所, 云南西双版纳 666100;
2. 云南省澳洲坚果农业工程研究中心, 云南西双版纳 666100;
3. 云南省木本油料技术创新中心, 云南西双版纳 666100

基金项目:

云南省农业基础研究联合专项(202301BD070001-084)

云南省乡村振兴科技专项(202104BI090004)

云南省“兴滇英才支持计划”项目(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068)

云南省热带作物科学研究所青年成长基金项目(QNCZ2021-1)

详细信息

作者简介:
孔广红(1986-),https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-4291,副研究员,主要从事热带作物遗传育种及丰产栽培研究工作,E-mail:kgh.003@163.com

通讯作者:
陶丽(1972-),https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6798-3762,研究员,主要从事热带作物遗传育种及品种选育研究工作,E-mail:951063408@qq.com

贺熙勇(1973-),https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7738-3818,研究员,主要从事澳洲坚果种质资源、品种选育、丰产栽培及产业经济研究工作,E-mail:heda0691@163.com

中图分类号: S664.9
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-09-20
- 网络出版日期: 2024-07-10

Flowering and fruiting characteristics of Macadamia spp.in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan

KONG Guang-hong^1,2,3,
YU Wen-cai¹,
LI Ling¹,
TAO Li^1,2,,
HE Xi-yong^1,2,3,

1. Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666100, China;
2. Yunnan Macadamia Agricultural Engineering Research Center, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666100, China;
3. Yunnan Technology Innovation Center of Woody Oil, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666100, China

Funds:

Yunnan Joint Agricultural Basic Research Projec(t202301BD070001-084)

Yunnan Rural Revitalization Science and Technology Project(202104BI090004)

“Yunnan Revitalization Support Talents Plan”Project(XDYC-CYCX-2022-0068)

Youth Growth Fund of Yunnan Institute of Tropical Crops(QNCZ2021-1)

摘要

摘要: 【目的】对云南西双版纳地区的澳洲坚果开花结实特性展开观测及分析,为澳洲坚果高产优质提供理论依据。【方法】以12个澳洲坚果品种为观测对象,采用挂牌记录法观察其开花物候及坐果规律,以坐果率、坐果花序率、每果序平均坐果数、落果率等参数为评价指标,分析澳洲坚果不同品种的结实特性。【结果】不同澳洲坚果品种的开花物候复杂多样,品种D4、O.C、863、820和842花期较长,分2批次开花;品种A16、A4、Special、828、816、508和246的花期较短且较集中。受花期和品种特性共同影响,澳洲坚果不同品种的坐果率、坐果花序率、每果序平均坐果数及落果率存在明显差异,品种O.C、828、863和D4的第2批次末花期花序几乎没有坐果能力。所有参试品种的最终坐果率与最终坐果花序率呈正相关,可使用坐果花序率代替坐果率评价产量。花期对不同品种每果序最终平均坐果数量的影响不大,每个果序上仅1~2个果实。所有参试品种均存在严重的落果现象,但同一花期不同品种的落果率差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】根据开花物候决定采收模式,花期长的品种D4、O.C、863、820和842需分批次采收,花期短的品种A16、A4、Special、828、816、508和246可集中采收。根据第2批次末花期花序几乎无坐果能力的结实特性,可疏除2批次开花品种O.C、863、828和D4的第2批次末花期刚萌发的花序,节约母树资源。
- 澳洲坚果 /
- 开花物候 /
- 坐果率 /
- 坐果花序率
Abstract: 【Objective】To study the flowering and nut set patterns of Macadamia spp. in Xishuangbanna of Yunnan, aiming to provide refeence for improving the yield and quality of Macadamia spp. 【Method】Employed the label-hanging method to observe the flowering phenology and nut setting characteristics of 12 Macadamia spp. varieties. The rate of nut set, rate of racemes with nut set, mean nut number per infructescence and abscission rate were measured to reveal the nut setting patterns in different varieties. 【Result】The flowering phenology was different in the 12 varieties. Varieties D4, O.C, 863,820 and 842 had longer flowering periods and in two batches; varieties A16, A4, Special, 828,816,508 and 246had short and more concentrated flowering periods. Obvious variations in nut set, rate of racemes with nut set, mean nut number per infructescence and abscission rate were observed among different Macadamia spp. varieties due to the influence of flowering stages and variety characteristics. And the racemes of the varieties O.C,828,863,D4 at the end flowering stage almost had no nut setting ability. The final RRNS exhibited a positive correlation with the final RNS across all tested varieties, suggesting that RNS could serve as a reliable indicator for evaluating yield. Flowering time had little effect on the average number of fruit set per infructescence of different varieties, and only 1-2 fruits were seated on each infructescence. There were serious fruit dropping in all varieties, but there was no significant difference in abscission rate among different varieties in the same flowering period(P>0.05). 【Conclusion】The harvest mode of Macadamia spp. was determined by the flowering phenology, such as the varieties D4, O.C, 863, 820 and 842 with a prolonged flowering period require staggered harvesting. Conversely, the varieties A16, A4, Special, 508 and 246 with a shorter flowering period can be harvested intensively. The racemes of the last flowering stage of the second bath had minimal fruiting ability, two batches of inflorescences of varieties O.C, 863,828 and D4 can be thinned to save the resources of mother tree.
- Macadamia spp. /
- flowering phenology /
- rate of nut set /
- rate of racemes with nut set

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