赤霉素处理对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实生长动态及品质的影响

Growth dynamics observation and quality analysis of grape berry under different gibberellin treatments

  • 摘要: 【目的】探究不同赤霉素处理方式对阳光玫瑰葡萄果实生长动态及品质的影响,为筛选较优的赤霉素处理方式及提高阳光玫瑰葡萄的产量和质量提供理论指导。【方法】以10年生V形架自根阳光玫瑰葡萄为试验材料,设拉穗+无核保果+膨大处理(T1)、无核保果+膨大处理(T2)、膨大处理(T3),清水处理作为对照(CK)。研究4个处理下果实生长动态变化,测量拉穗处理0、12、24 h和3、7 d后的花穗长度;测定成熟期果实纵径、横径,处理20、40、60、80和100 d(成熟期)的单果重、单果体积、果实硬度、果实可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量及糖酸组分等果实品质指标。【结果】T1处理中赤霉素拉穗处理7 d后花穗长度显著高于CK(P<0.05,下同);相较于CK,赤霉素处理(T1、T2和T3)可使阳光玫瑰果实快速生长期提前,处理后20~40 d,T1和T2处理果实单果重和体积增长速度及果实硬度下降速度均为最大值。赤霉素处理显著增加阳光玫瑰葡萄果实纵径、横径、单果重和体积,能够促进果实膨大,提高阳光玫瑰果实可溶性固形物含量,对果实内糖酸组分及硬度影响较小。其中T2处理的果实纵径较CK显著提高28.1%,单果重和体积峰值分别为11.3 g和10.59 cm3,均显著高于T3和CK;至成熟期,T2处理果实糖酸比较CK显著提高22.1%,可溶性固形物含量为16.40%,果实内果糖(63.49 mg/g)和葡萄糖(78.66 mg/g)含量在4个处理中最高,且显著高于T1和T3处理;T2处理的可滴定酸含量显著低于T1处理和CK。【结论】不同赤霉素处理方式均能明显促进阳光玫瑰葡萄果实生长发育,提高果实品质。其中无核保果+膨大处理后的果实生长迅速,能在保证果实膨大生长的同时增加果实可溶性固形物含量,品质最佳,适宜在生产中使用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the growth dynamics and quality changes of Shine Muscat grape berry under different gibberellin treatment methods,and to provide theoretical guidance for selecting optimal gibberellin treatment methods and improving the yield and quality of Shine Muscat grape. 【Method】10-year-old Shine Muscat on V-shaped trellises on their own roots were used as the experimental material,with treatments including elongating cluster+seedless and fruit retention+expanding(T1),seedless and fruit retention+expanding(T2),and expanding(T3),with water treatment as the control(CK). The dynamic changes of fruit growth under the four treatments were measured,measuring the length of the flower clusters at 0,12,24 h,and 3,7 d after elongating treatment;determining the berry longitudinal and transverse diameters at ripening stage and berry single weight,volume,firmness,soluble solid content,titratable acid content,and sugaracid ratio at 20,40,60,80,and 100 d(ripening stage) after treatments. 【Result】T1 significantly increased the length of the flower clusters compared to CK after 7 d(P<0.05,the same below). Compared to CK,gibberellic treatments(T1,T2,and T3) advanced the rapid growth period of berry,with the fastest increase in berry weight and volume,as well as the fastest decrease in berry firmness between 20-40 d after T1 and T2. Gibberellin treatments significantly increased the longitudinal and transverse diameters,berry single weight and volume,promoted the expansion of berry,increased the soluble solid content,and had little effect on the sugar-acid components and firmness of the berry. The berry longitudinal diameter under T2 was significantly increased by 28.1% compared to CK,with the highest single fruit weight and volume being 11.3 g and 10.59 cm3,respectively,which were significantly higher than those of T3 and CK. At ripening stage,the sugaracid ratio of the T2 treatment was significantly increased by 22.1% compared to CK,with a soluble solid content reaching 16.40%,and the contents of fructose(63.49 mg/g) and glucose(78.66 mg/g) in the T2 treatment were the highest among the four treatments and significantly higher than those of T1 and T3. Additionally,the titratable acid content of T2 was significantly lower than that of T1 and CK. 【Conclusion】Different gibberellin treatments can greatly promote the growth and development and improve the quality of Shine Muscat grape berry. Among them,the seedless and fruit retention+expanding treatment results in rapid growth,ensuring fruit expansion while increasing the content of soluble solids,representing the best quality,and is suitable for use in production.

     

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