Effects of different feeding methods on the intestinal flora structure and serum immune indexes of Nanjiang yellow goat
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摘要: 【目的】探究不同饲养方式对南江黄羊肠道菌群结构和血清免疫指标的影响,为开展南江黄羊集约化舍饲养殖提供参考依据。【方法】选取体重相近、健康状况良好的3月龄南江黄羊公羊32只,随机分为2组,每组16只,分别进行放牧饲养(FMGF)和圈舍饲养(SSGF),预饲期7 d,正饲期60 d。正饲期第60 d每组随机选取6只南江黄羊,无菌采集直肠粪便样品,通过Illumina HiSeq探析不同饲养方式下南江黄羊肠道菌群结构差异;同时采集颈静脉血样,通过ELISA检测血清免疫球蛋白(IgA、IgG和IgM)和血清免疫因子(IL-2、IL-4、IL-6和TNF-α)。【结果】FMGF组南江黄羊血清中的IgM含量显著高于SSGF组南江黄羊(P<0.05,下同),而TNF-α含量显著低于SSGF组南江黄羊。FMGF组南江黄羊肠道菌群的Chao1指数显著低于SSGF组南江黄羊。在门分类水平上,FMGF组和SSGF组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门;髌骨细菌门和浮酶菌门在FMGF组的相对丰度极显著高于SSGF组(P<0.01,下同),弯曲菌门、梭杆菌门和纤维杆菌门则表现为FMGF组的相对丰度显著低于SSGF组。在属分类水平上,FMGF组和SSGF组的优势菌属分别是理研菌科_RC9_菌群和克里斯滕森菌科_R-7_菌群;FMGF组相对丰度极显著高于SSGF组的菌属有念珠菌属、丁酸弧菌属、厌氧支原体属及假丁酸弧菌属等;FMGF组相对丰度极显著低于SSGF组的菌群有大肠杆菌—志贺菌属、阿克曼西亚属及拟杆菌属等。IgM含量与乳杆菌属相对丰度呈极显著负相关,与奈瑟菌属和拟杆菌属的相对丰度呈显著负相关;TNF-α含量与单杆菌属和p-1088-a5_gut_group的相对丰度呈极显著负相关。【结论】与舍饲相比,放牧能促使南江黄羊血清中IgM含量升高及TNF-α含量降低,并显著提高肠道中疣微菌门和脱硫杆菌门等有益菌群丰度,同时抑制弯曲菌门和梭杆菌门等有害菌群繁殖。可见,放牧对南江黄羊的免疫性能和肠道有益菌群结构有明显的正向影响。Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the effects of different feeding methods on the intestinal microbiota structure and serum immune indexes of Nanjiang yellow goat,this study aimed to offer insights for the optimal management and breeding practices of Nanjiang yellow goat.【Method】Thirty-two 3-month-old Nanjiang yellow goat,matched in body weight and health status,were randomly divided into 2 groups of 16 goats in each group,and subjected to either free-range grazing(FMGF) or enclosure feeding (SSGF).A pre-feeding period of 7 d was followed by a 60-day normal feeding period.On the 60th d of the normal feeding period,6 Nanjiang yellow goat were randomly selected from each group,and rectal fecal samples were collected aseptically.Illumina HiSeq was used to analyze the variations in intestinal flora structure of Nanjiang yellow goat under different feeding methods.Blood samples were obtained from the jugular vein to detect serum immunoglobulins (IgA,IgG and IgM) and serum immune factors (IL-2,IL-4,IL-6 and TNF-α) using ELISA method.【Result】The IgM content in serum of FMGF group was significantly higher than that of the SSGF group (P<0.05,the same below),and the TNF-α content was significantly lower in SSGF group compared to the SSGF group.The Chao1 index of intestinal flora of Nanjiang yellow goat in FMGF group was significantly lower than that in SSGF group.At the phyla classification level,Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were identified as the dominant phylum in both the FMGF group and SSGF group.The relative abundances of Patescibacteria and Planctomycetota were extremely significantly higher in FMGF group compared to the SSGF group (P<0.01,the same below),whereas the relative abundances of Campylobacterota,Fusobacteriota and Fibrobacterota in FMGF group were significantly lower than those in SSGF group.At the level of genus classification,the dominant bacterial genera in FMGF group and SSGF group were Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group and the Christensenellaceae_R-7_group,respectively.The relative abundance of bacteria in FMGF group was found to be extremely significantly higher than that in the SSGF group,with genera such as Andidatus_Saccharimonas,Butyrivibrio,Anaeroplasma and Pseudobutyrivibrio.Conversely,the relative abundance of bacteria in the FMGF group was extremely significantly lower than that in the SSGF group,with genera such as Escherichia-Shigella,Akkermansia and Bacteroides.IgM content was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Lactiplantibacillus,and was significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Neisseria and Bacteroides.TNF-α content was extremely significantly negatively correlated with the relative abundance of Solobacterium and p-1088-a5_gut_group.【Conclusion】In comparison to house feeding,grazing can elevate IgM contents and reduce TNF-α contents in the serum of Nanjiang yellow goat.Additionally,grazing enhances the presence of beneficial bacteria,such as Errucmicrobiota and Desulfobacterota,in the intestinal tract,while simultaneously inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria,such as Campylobacterota and Fusobacteriota.In conclusion,grazing has demonstrated substantial positive impacts on the immune function and intestinal beneficial microbiota composition of Nanjiang yellow goat.
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Keywords:
- Nanjiang yellow goat /
- feeding method /
- serum immune index /
- intestinal flora /
- relative abundance
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