邻甲酚对斑马鱼成鱼急性毒性及组织显微结构的影响

Effects of o-cresol on acute toxic and histological microstructure of adult zebrafish(Danio rerio

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确邻甲酚对斑马鱼成鱼的急性毒性及其对肌肉、鳃和肝脏组织显微结构的影响,为邻甲酚对斑马鱼毒性效应的分子机理研究与环境安全评价和生态风险评估提供理论依据。【方法】采用静水式方法,将斑马鱼成鱼分为6组,暴露于0(对照)、15.00、19.74、25.98、34.19和45.00 mg/L邻甲酚溶液中,记录染毒24、48、72和96 h的各组斑马鱼中毒症状和死亡尾数,计算死亡率、半致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(SC),并进行安全性评价,采用组织病理学技术分析不同浓度邻甲酚对斑马鱼肌肉、鳃和肝脏组织显微结构的影响。【结果】与对照组相比,45.00 mg/L(最高浓度)组斑马鱼急性中毒症状表现为呼吸困难、狂游、抽搐、轻微侧翻且对外周刺激反应迟钝,逐渐失去平衡而静卧水底,24h内全部死亡。邻甲酚对斑马鱼成鱼24、48、72和96h的LC50分别为34.721、30.079、27.123和27.092 mg/L,SC为6.612mg/L,毒性等级为低毒。组织病理学分析表明,15.00和19.74mg/L组斑马鱼染毒96h后,肌肉、鳃和肝脏组织显微结构无明显变化。邻甲酚浓度达34.19和45.00 mg/L时,斑马鱼肌肉组织的肌纤维逐渐断裂、肿胀和坏死;鳃组织中鳃小片末端肿大出血,上皮细胞肿胀、脱落和损伤,红细胞数量明显增多,细胞排列混乱;肝脏出现大面积细胞空泡化,肝细胞核萎缩变形、溶解或偏移,导致肝细胞呈坏死状态。【结论】邻甲酚对斑马鱼成鱼的毒性效应随着暴露浓度升高、时间延长而增强,属于低毒性酚类污染物。高浓度邻甲酚暴露可导致斑马鱼成鱼肌肉、鳃和肝脏组织显微结严重损伤。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】In order to investigate the acute toxicity and histological microstructure of o-cresol on muscle, gill, and liver tissues of adult zebrafish, and provide theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of the toxic effect of ocresol on zebrafish, environmental safety assessment and ecological risk assessment. 【Method】Adult zebrafish were divided into 6 groups and exposed to 0(control), 15.00, 19.74, 25.98, 34.19 and 45.00 mg/L o-cresol solution for 96 h using the static water method, respectively. The symptoms and numbers of death of poisoning of zebrafish in each group at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were recorded. The mortality, median lethal concentration(LC50)and the safe concentration(SC) were calculated, and the safety level was evaluated. The effects of different concentrations of o-cresol on the histological structure of muscle, gill and liver tissues of adult zebrafish were further analyzed based on histopathological techniques.【Result】Compared with the control group, the acute poisoning symptoms of zebrafish in the 45.00 mg/L(the highest concentration) group were characterized by difficulty breathing, wild swimming, convulsions, slight rolling, slow response to peripheral stimulation, and gradually losing balance and lying at the bottom of the water, all of which died within 24 h.The LC50 of o-cresol on adult zebrafish at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h were 34.721, 30.079, 27.123 and 27.092 mg/L, respectively, and the safe concentration of o-cresol was 6.612 mg/L, which belonged to low toxicity compound. Histopathological analysis showed that the microstructure of muscle, gill and liver of zebrafish did not change significantly after 96 h of exposure at concentrations of 15.00 and 19.74 mg/L. However, when the concentration of o-cresol was 34.19 and 45.00mg/L, muscle fibers gradually broke, and swelling and necrosis appeared. In gill tissue,the end of the secondary lamellae was swollen and bleeding, the epithelial cells were swollen, shed and damaged, the number of red blood cells increased greatly, and the arrangement of various cells was disorderly. Large area vacuolation occurred in hepatocytes, hepatic nuclei atrophied, deformed, dissolved or migrated, and hepatocytes showed necrosis. 【Conclusion】The toxic effect of ocresol on adult zebrafish is enhanced with increasing exposure concentration and prolonged time, and which belongs to low toxicity phenolic pollutant. Exposure to high concentrations of o-cresol can cause severe damage to the microstructure of muscle, gill and liver tissues in adult zebrafish.

     

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