11种代表性农药不同污染传导方式对家蚕的毒害性比较

Toxicity of 11 representative pesticides through different modes of pollution transmission to silkworm(Bombyx mori

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确11种代表性农药在桑树上的内吸和传导性能及其熏蒸触杀对家蚕的毒害性,为有效防控养蚕生产中的家蚕农药中毒提供科学依据。【方法】以家蚕作为标志物,从六大类农药中选择11种代表性农药制剂,通过根部灌注和叶面喷雾方式处理桑树,分别于药后第3、30和120 d采摘桑叶饲喂三龄和五龄起蚕,观察家蚕的中毒症状,分析判断各种农药在桑树上的污染传导方式;同时利用熏蒸触杀方式直接处理家蚕,综合判断各种农药对家蚕熏蒸触杀的毒害性。【结果】不同农药导致的家蚕中毒症状表现出多种相似特征,如拒食、吐液、体缩及蚕体蜷曲呈C形或S形等。不同农药灌根后第3和30 d的桑叶均可引起家蚕中毒,说明这11种农药均具有通过桑树根内吸并向上传导的性能,且杀虫双、杀虫单、高效氯氰菊酯、噻虫嗪、吡虫啉、吡丙醚和氯虫苯甲酰胺等7种农药在桑树伐条后的新生桑叶中仍具有很强的残留毒性。11种农药喷雾后第3 d的桑叶均可使家蚕出现中毒症状;至喷雾后第30 d,除敌百虫和敌敌畏外,其他9种农药喷雾的桑叶还能引起家蚕出现中毒症状;到喷雾后第120 d只有以氯虫苯甲酰胺和阿维菌素喷雾的桑叶能引发家蚕中毒,即这2种农药的有害成分对桑树具有双向传导特性。11种农药对家蚕熏蒸触杀的毒害性存在明显差异,具体排序为敌敌畏>高效氯氰菊酯=联苯菊酯>噻虫嗪>吡虫啉>敌百虫>杀虫双>杀虫单>阿维菌素>氯虫苯甲酰胺>吡丙醚。【结论】11种农药对桑树根、桑叶均具有内吸性和向上传导性,且氯虫苯甲酰胺和阿维菌素对桑树具有双向传导特性;各种农药对家蚕熏蒸触杀的毒害性存在明显差异,以吡丙醚、氯虫苯甲酰胺和阿维菌素的熏蒸触杀毒害性较弱。可见,11种农药在3种传导方式(灌根、叶面喷雾和熏蒸触杀)中有不同的传导效率,各具优势传导方式。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】This study aimed to clarify the internal absorption and transmission properties of 11 representative pesticides on mulberry trees and their toxicity to silkworm(Bombyx mori) by fumigation and contact, so as to provide scientific basis for effective prevention and control of pesticide poisoning in silkworm rearing. 【Method】Mulberry trees were treated with 11 representative pesticide preparations which belonged to six categories of pesticides that used silkworm as a marker, on the 3rd, 30th and 120th d after treatment, mulberry leaves were collected and fed to the 3rd and 5th instar larvae of silkworms respectively. The poisoning symptoms of silkworm were observed, and the pollution transmission modes of various pesticides on mulberry trees were judged and analyzed. At the same time, the toxicity of all kinds of pesticides to silkworm was judged comprehensively by directly treating silkworm with fumigation and contact. 【Result】The symptoms of silkworm poisoning caused by different pesticides showed many similar characteristics, such as refusing to eat, vomiting, contraction, curling in c-shape or s-shape, shortening of body length, etc. Mulberry leaves on the 3rd and 30th day after root irrigation with different pesticides could cause silkworm poisoning, which showed that all the 11 pesticides could absorb and transmit up through mulberry roots, in addition, seven pesticides, namely dimehypo, thiosultap monosodium, cypermethrin, thiamethoxam, imidacloprid, pyripropyl ether, chlorine benzamide, were still highly toxic in the fresh mulberry leaves after cutting. Mulberry leaves on the 3rd day after spraying of 11 kinds of pesticides could cause poisoning symptoms of silkworms. At the 30th day after spraying, except for trichlorfon and dichlorvos, the mulberry leaves sprayed by 9 other pesticides could also cause the poisoning symptoms of silkworm. At the 120th day after spraying, only the mulberry leaves sprayed with chlorine benzamide and avermectin could cause silkworm poisoning, that was, the harmful components of these two pesticides had bidirectional transmission characteristics to mulberry. The toxicity of the 11 pesticides to the silkworm was greatly different, and the order of toxicity was dichlorvos>cypermethrin=bifenthrin>thiamethoxam>imidacloprid>trichlorfon>dimehypo>thiosultap monosodium>avermectin>chlorine benzamide>pyripropyl ether. 【Conclusion】The 11 pesticides have all both internal absorption and upward transmission to the roots and leaves of mulberry, and the chlorine benzamide and avermectin have bidirectional conduction to mulberry. There are significant differences in the toxicity of different pesticides to the silkworm, but the toxicity of pyripropyl ether, chlorine benzamide and avermectin were weaker. The results show that the 11 pesticides had different conduction efficiency in 3transmission modes(irrigation root, leaf spray, fumigation and contact killing), and each has its own dominant conduction mode.

     

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