刈割对三尖叶猪屎豆养分积累与再生性的影响

Effects of mowing on plant nutrient accumulation and regrowth of Crotalaria micans L.

  • 摘要: 【目的】探究三尖叶猪屎豆养分积累、再生性对刈割方式(刈割时期和频次)和留茬高度的响应,为橡胶园覆盖绿肥管理提供理论和技术指导。【方法】在树龄为3年的橡胶园中设12个处理:年刈割时期和频次为营养期刈割1次和2次、花期刈割1次,每个刈割时期和频次留茬高度为20.0、30.0、40.0和50.0 cm,监测不同刈割方式和留茬高度三尖叶猪屎豆的产量及干物质、氮、磷、钾、钙和镁积累量,以及刈割后1~4个月的萌发再生情况。【结果】刈割方式对三尖叶猪屎豆产量、干物质和养分积累量均具有显著影响(P<0.05,下同),营养期刈割2次/年处理三尖叶猪屎豆的产量、干物质和养分积累量均显著高于营养期刈割1次/年和花期刈割1次/年处理,产量分别提高102.44%~159.62%和54.96%~149.71%,干物质积累量分别提高103.19%~161.44%和50.46%~142.72%,氮积累量分别提高102.44%~159.62%和53.58%~209.70%,磷积累量分别提高100.44%~161.62%和-1.52%~65.73%,钾积累量分别提高101.42%~160.64%和-14.95%~108.59%,钙积累量分别提高104.42%~157.64%和46.65%~206.53%,镁积累量分别提高99.62%~155.44%和81.62%~223.57%。留茬高度对三尖叶猪屎豆产量、干物质和养分积累量具有显著影响,其中,花期刈割1次/年处理、留茬高度30.0 cm三尖叶猪屎豆的产量、干物质和养分积累量均最高;营养期刈割2次/年处理、留茬高度40.0 cm三尖叶猪屎豆的产量、干物质和养分积累量及再生性均最佳。方差分析结果表明,刈割方式和留茬高度及其互作,对猪屎豆的干物质和养分积累量均具有极显著影响(P<0.01)。【结论】刈割方式和留茬高度均显著影响三尖叶猪屎豆的产量、干物质和养分积累量及再生性。橡胶园间种三尖叶猪屎豆的最佳刈割方式为营养期刈割2次/年,留茬高度40.0 cm。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To explore the response of Crotalaria micans L. nutrient accumulation and regrowth to mowing mode(mowing period and frequency) and stubble height, and to provide theoretical and technical guidance for green fertilizer management in rubber plantations. 【Method】A total of 12 treatments were set up in a 3-year old rubber orchard: the annual cutting period and frequency were mowings once and twice during vegetative stage and mowings once during flowering stage, and the stubble heights were 20.0, 30.0, 40.0 and 50.0 cm in each mowing period and frequency. The yield and accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium and magnesium of C. micans were monitored under different mowing methods and stubble heights, as well as the germination and regeneration of 1-4months after mowing. 【Result】Mowing methods had significant effects on yield and dry matter and nutrient accumulation(P<0.05, the same below). The yield, dry matter and nutrient accumulation after mowing twice/year during vegetative stage were significantly higher than those after mowing once/year during vegetative stage and mowing once/year during flowering stage. Yield increased by 102.44%-159.62% and 54.96%-149.71%, dry matter accumulation increased by 103.19%-161.44% and 50.46%-142.72%, nitrogen accumulation increased by 102.44%-159.62% and 53.58%-209.70%, respectively. Phosphorus accumulation increased by 100.44%-161.62% and-1.52%-65.73%, potassium accumulation increased by 101.42%-160.64% and-14.95%-108.59%, calcium accumulation increased by 104.42%-157.64% and 46.65%-206.53%, respectively. The accumulation of magnesium increased by 99.62%-155.44% and 81.62%-223.57%, respectively. Stubble height had significant effects on yield and dry matter and nutrient accumulation of C. micans. Among them, the yield, dry matter and nutrient accumulation of tricuspium tricuspium were the highest after cutting once per year at flowering stage and stubble height of 30.0 cm. The yield, dry matter and nutrient accumulation and regeneration were the best when the crop was cut twice/year and the stubble height was 40.0 cm. Variance analysis indicated that mowing methods and stubble heights and their interaction had extremely significant influence on dry matter and nutrient accumulation of C. micans (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】Mowing method and stubble height have significant effects on yield, dry matter and nutrient accumulation and regrowth of C. micans. The best mowing method for the intercropping of the rubber plantation is mowing twice/year during the vegetative period and the stubble height is 40.0 cm.

     

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