Abstract: 【Objective】Arthropod community composition structure and the diversity in the field of understory planted Polygonatum kingianum in Pinus kesiya var. langbianensis forest were studied to provide reference for the integrated pest control of P. kingianum and protection and utilization of natural enemy in P. kesiya forest. 【Method】An investigation on the arthropod community composition structure in the system of understory planted P. kingianum in P. kesiya forest was carried out in Datangzi, Lancang, Pu'er, Yunnan from January of 2022 to November of 2022, by using the visual inspection, trap method, yellow and blue trap board, Malaise trap and nocturnal survey method. The diversity index, dominance concentration index, evenness index and richness index of arthropod community were analyzed. 【Result】There were 15423 arthropods in 192 species, 157 genera, 98 families, 23 orders, and 7 classes in P. kingianum field under P. kesiya forest. The dominant taxon in the number of individuals was Acarina arthropod with 3899 insects and relative abundance of 25.28%. In different functional groups, individual numbers presented as pest sub-communities>neutral arthropod sub-communities>natural enemy sub-communities, and the number of individuals of pest sub-ommunities accounted for 51.41% of the total arthropod community. The diversity index, dominance concentration index, evenness index and richness index of arthropod community in P. kingianum field under P. kesiya forest were 3.488, 0.095, 0.663and 19.806 respectively. In addition, the dominant pests were Tetranychus pueraricola, Thrips flavus, Mecopodidae and Cicadellidae in P. kingianum field under P. kesiya forest. Among them, T. pueraricola occurred during August and December, and September was the outbreak period; T. flavus mainly occurred during March and June, and April was the outbreak period. The dominant natural enemies were Ichneumonidae, Braconidae and spiders. Population numbers of Ichneumonidae and spiders peaked in May. 【Conclusion】The arthropod community is rich in species and diversity on P. kingianum under the forest of P. kesiya in Lancang, Pu'er, Yunnan. The prevention and control of superior pests such as T.pueraricola should be strengthened, and the protection and utilization of natural enemies such as parasitic wasps and spiders should be noticed.