Abstract: 【Objective】To analyze the changes in soil microbial community structure in the rhizosphere of banana varieties resistant to wilt disease through continuous cropping, providing a theoretical basis for in-depth research on the mechanism of enhanced resistance of banana varieties to wilt disease through continuous cropping and the use of biocontrol microorganisms for green prevention and control of banana wilt disease. 【Method】The Fusarium wilt resistant banana variety Baodao banana was used as the experimental material, and the perennial roots were planted continuously for three generations on the soil with severe Fusarium wilt disease: the first generation of tissue culture seedlings(the first generation), the first generation of perennial roots(the second generation), and the second generation of perennial roots(the third generation). The incidence rate of Fusarium wilt of each generation was investigated, and the soil samples of each generation were collected by quartering method and the chemical properties of the soil were determined. Collected rhizosphere soil samples from healthy and diseased plants of the first generation, as well as healthy plants of the second and third generations, numbered as S1, V, S2 and S3, and repeated 3 times. Used Illumina high-throughput sequencing platform to sequence and analyze the bacterial 16S rRNA and fungal ITS regions of 12 soil samples; utilized sample complexity(Alpha diversity index), principal coordinates(PCoA), and UPGMA clustering analysis were used to analyze the richness and diversity of bacterial and fungal communities in soil samples, as well as differences in community composition and relative abundance at the phylum and genus levels; analyzed the correlation between dominant microbial communities and the Fusarium through Spearman correlation analysis. 【Result】The chemical properties of the rhizosphere soil of the banana variety Baodao banana with resistance to fusarium wilt did not change greatly after three successive generations of cultivation. The incidence rate of fusarium wilt of the third generation of banana was significantly lower than that of the first and second generation of banana(P<0.05). With the increase of planting years, the overall diversity of rhizosphere soil bacterial communities was decreasing year by year, while the overall diversity of fungal communities was increasing year by year. Continuous cropping changed the microbial community composition of banana rhizosphere soil, and the bacterial and fungal community structures in S2 and S3 were similar, clearly separated from those in S1 and V. The relative abundance of Chytridiomycota in S2 and S3 were 88.02% and 89.51% lower than that in S1 respectively, the relative abundance of Fungi_phy_Incertae_sedis phylum were 41.56% and 82.81% higher, respectively. The relative abundance of Fusarium in S3 was 45.60% and 50.47% lower than that in S1 and S2 respectively, which was related to the enhanced resistance performance of perennial banana planted with buds. The relative abundance of Proteobacteria and Basidiomycota in the rhizosphere soil of diseased plants was high, while the relative abundance of Acidobacteriota was low. The relative abundance of Glomeromycota, Mucoromycota, Rozellomycota, and Chytidiomycota was negatively correlated with Fusarium. 【Conclusion】The incidence rate of the third generation of banana is the lowest, and the bacterial and fungal communities in the rhizosphere soil are greatly different from those in the rhizosphere soil of the infected first generation of banana plant. It is speculated that the changes in the richness, diversity and composition of the microbial community in the rhizosphere soil are the reasons for the enhanced resistance of banana varieties to fusarium wilt.