Analysis on the difference of growth state and forest soil properties of Ophiopogon japonicus under interplanting of different tree species
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摘要: 【目的】评价不同树种套种细叶麦冬的生长状态及林地土壤性状差异,以期了解林下环境对细叶麦冬生长的影响,筛选适宜其生长的套种模式,为优化麦冬的林下栽培方式及林下药用植物合理化种植提供参考。【方法】设4种细叶麦冬种植模式:模式1,女贞套种细叶麦冬;模式2,落羽杉套种细叶麦冬;模式3,樱花+榉树套种细叶麦冬;模式4,非林下单一种植细叶麦冬(对照)。比较不同模式下细叶麦冬叶长、叶宽、鲜重和干重等生物量,测定叶片叶绿素含量、块根营养物质含量和林地土壤养分等指标,并通过方差分析和相关分析进行综合评价。【结果】不同套种模式样地环境存在差异,年均温与年均光照强度均为模式4>模式2>模式1>模式3。与对照相比,3种套种模式均提高了细叶麦冬的生物量及叶绿素含量。其中模式3下细叶麦冬叶片生长状态最好,生物量和叶绿素含量均最高;其次为模式1的细叶麦冬生长较好。4种模式下细叶麦冬块根黄酮和多糖含量存在差异,模式3的细叶麦冬块根黄酮含量最高(0.43 mg/g),模式1的细叶麦冬多糖含量最高(171.02 mg/g)。套种模式同时提升了林下土壤养分含量,其中模式3的土壤全氮、全磷、全钾和全氮含量均最高。相关分析结果表明,细叶麦冬叶部指标与年均温和年均光照强度呈显著(P<0.05,下同)或极显著(P<0.01,下同)负相关,块根性状与土壤养分呈显著或极显著正相关。【结论】与非林下单一种植相比,3种套种模式产生的适度遮阴效果及对土壤养分的改善均有利于细叶麦冬生长,但不同树种对细叶麦冬的影响存在差异,其中樱花+榉树和女贞与细叶麦冬的套种效果较好。Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of the study was to evaluate the difference of growth state and forest soil properties of Ophiopogon japonicus interplanting under different tree species, in order to study the influence of the under-forest environment on the growth of O. japonicus, to screen the suitable interplanting model for its growth, and to provide a reference for the optimization of the under-forest cultivation of O. japonicus and the rationalization of the cultivation of under-forest medicinal plants. 【Method】Four types of planting models of O. japonicus were set: model 1,O. japonicus interplanted under Ligustrum lucidum; model 2,O. japonicus interplanted under Taxodium distichum; model 3,O. japonicus interplanted under Prunus serrulata + Zelkova schneideriana; model 4, non-under-forest single cropping of O. japonicus(control). The leaf length, leaf width, fresh weight, dry weight of O. japonicus in different models were compared.The content of leaf chlorophyll, root tuber nutrient content and soil nutrients in forest were measured. And comprehensive evaluation was performed by analysis of variance and correlation analysis. 【Result】The environment of the sample plots varied among the different interplanting models. The average annual temperature and light intensity were model 4>model 2>model 1>model 3. Compared with the control, the biomass and chlorophyll content of O. japonicum were increased by the three interplanting models. Under model 3, the leaf growth state of O. japonicus was the best, and the biomass and chlorophyll content were the highest. The growth of O. japonicum under model 1 was the second best. The flavonoid and polysaccharide contents in root tuber of O. japonicum were different among the four models. In model 3, the flavonoid content of O. japonicum root tuber was the highest(0.43 mg/g), and the polysaccharide content of O. japonicum in model 1 was the highest(171.02 mg/g). The interplanting models also increased the under-forest soil nutrient content. Among them, the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium and total nitrogen in the soil in model 3 were the highest. The correlation analysis results showed that the leaf index of O. japonicum was significantly(P<0.05, the same below) or extremely significantly(P<0.01, the same below) negatively correlated with the average annual temperature and average annual light intensity, and the root tuber traits were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with soil nutrients. 【Conclusion】Compared with non-under-forest single cropping, the three interplanting models produce moderate shading effect and improvement of soil nutrients which are favorable to the growth of O. japonicus, but there are differences in the effects of different tree species on O. japonicus, among which the interplanting of P. serrulata+Z. schneideriana and L. lucidum with O. japonicus are more effective.
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