不同青贮玉米品种产量和青贮品质的综合评价

Comprehensive evaluation on yield and silage quality of different silage corn varieties

  • 摘要: 【目的】探究品种对青贮玉米生物产量和青贮品质的影响,筛选出适宜在重庆地区种植的优良青贮玉米品种,为推动重庆地区草食畜牧养殖业健康稳定发展提供参考。【方法】以重庆市4个青贮玉米新品种(渝青玉3号、渝青386、渝青385和渝单58)为参试材料,雅玉青贮8号为对照品种(CK),收获期测定全株玉米生物产量,同时将全株玉米切碎青贮90 d后测定青贮的营养成分和发酵品质;运用主成分分析及隶属函数分析法综合评价全株玉米青贮品质,结合生物产量筛选优良品种。【结果】各青贮玉米品种间生物产量差异明显,以渝青386鲜物质产量和干物质产量均为最高,较CK分别显著提高9.03%和10.56%(P<0.05,下同)。品种间全株玉米青贮后营养成分差异明显。渝青386的粗蛋白含量最高,为8.43%,较渝单58和CK分别显著提高18.23%和17.08%,酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量最低,为20.33%,显著低于其他品种;渝青385的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量最低,为40.30%,较CK显著降低14.93%;渝单58的淀粉和水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量均最高,分别为37.90%和3.12%,均显著高于渝青玉3号、渝青385和CK。品种间各项发酵品质指标存在明显差异。渝青386的pH最低,为4.06,乳酸含量最高,为7.70%;渝青385的乙酸含量最高,为0.56%;渝单58的丙酸含量最低,为0.10%;渝青玉3号的氨态氮/总氮(NH3-N/TN)为11.45%,显著高于其他品种;所有品种均未检测到丁酸。所有品种全株玉米青贮V-Score评分均大于80分,为良好级,其中渝青386评分最高(93.4分)。通过主成分分析提取3个主成分,累积贡献率为89.810%,反映原来14个指标的大部分信息。综合主成分分析及隶属函数分析发现,4个参试品种的青贮品质综合表现均优于CK,其中渝青386和渝青385平均隶属值大于0.50。【结论】在重庆地区种植渝青386,生物产量最高,且制作全株玉米青贮饲料效果较好,具有更高的推广价值。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the effects of cultivar on biomass yield and silage quality of silage corn(Zea mays),and screen the good quality and high yield silage corn varieties suitable for planting in Chongqing,so as to provide reference for promoting the healthy and stable development of herbivorous animal husbandry in Chongqing.【Method】 Four new silage corn varieties(Yuqingyu No.3,Yuqing 386,Yuqing 385 and Yudan 58) were used as the test materials, setting Yayuqingzhu No.8 as the control(CK). The biomass yield were measured at harvest period. The conventional nutrient contents and fermentation quality were determined after the whole silage corn chopped up for 90 d. The silage quality was further comprehensively evaluated using principal component analysis and membership function analysis method,and the good variety was screened combined with biomass yield.【Result】 There were obvious differences in biomass yield among the varieties,and Yuqing 386 had the highest yield of fresh matter and dry matter,significantly increased by 9.03% and 10.56% compared to the control(P<0.05,the same below). There were differences in the nutrient contents among different varieties of whole corn silage. The highest crude protein(CP) content was in Yuqing 386 (8.43%),which was significantly higher than that of Yudan 58 and CK by 18.23% and 17.08%,respectively;and it had the lowest acid detergent fiber(ADF) content(20.33%),which was significantly lower than that of other varieties. The lowest neutral detergent fiber(NDF) content was in Yuqing 385(40.30%),which was significantly reduced than that of CK by 14.93%. The contents of starch and water-soluble carbohydrates(WSC) in Yudan 58 were the highest(37.90% and 3.12%), which were significantly higher than that of Yuqingyu No.3, Yuqing 385, and CK. There were obvious differences in fermentation quality parameters among varieties. Yuqing 386 had the lowest pH(4.06) and the highest lactic acid content(7.70%). The acetic acid content in Yuqing 385 was highest(0.56%). The propionic acid content in Yudan 58 was the lowest(0.10%). The ammonia nitrogen/total nitrogen(NH3-N/TN) content in Yuqingyu No.3(11.45%) was significantly higher than other varieties. The butyric acid was not detected in any variety. The V-Scores of whole-plant corn silage for five varieties were all above 80 points,and the grade of fermenting quality was good level. Yuqing 386 had the highest score(93.4). Three principal components were extracted through principal component analysis,and the cumulative contribution rate reached 89.810%,reflecting most of the information of the original 14 indexes. Principal component analysis and membership function analysis showed that the silage quality of the four tested varieties was better than CK. The average membership function values of Yuqing 386 and Yuqing 385 were greater than 0.50.【Conclusion】 In summary, planting Yuqing 386 in Chongqing has the highest biomass yield and a better effect on making whole corn silage,which has higher promotion value.

     

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