小花山柰根状茎挥发油和营养成分及其抗植物病原菌活性分析

Essential oils and nutrients constitutes of Kaempferia parviflora rhizome and the activities against plant pathogens

  • 摘要: 【目的】阐明小花山柰根状茎挥发油的化学组成和相对含量,明确根状茎中多种营养成分含量,分析根状茎不同提取物的抗菌活性,从而为小花山柰资源的综合开发利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取小花山柰挥发油,通过气相色谱—质谱联用仪(GC-MS)对挥发油进行化学成分分析;采用凯氏定氮法、酸—苯酚比色法和电感耦合等离子体—质谱法(ICP-MS)半定量分析法分别测定小花山柰根状茎中蛋白质、粗多糖和微量元素含量,采用茚三酮柱后衍生离子交换色谱法测定氨基酸组成与含量;进一步采用抑菌圈法和菌丝生长速率法测定小花山柰根状茎不同提取物的抗细菌和抗真菌活性。【结果】小花山柰根状茎中挥发油得率为0.14‰;从根状茎挥发油中共鉴定出66种成分,占挥发性成分总量的94.51%,主要有烯烃类、醇类、醛类、酮类和酯类,主要成分为冰片(13.02%)、芳樟醇(12.27%)和大根香叶烯D(5.42%)等。小花山柰根状茎中蛋白质含量为3.83 g/100 g,粗多糖含量为3.33 g/100 g;16种氨基酸总量为2.94 g/100 g,其中精氨酸含量最高(0.61 g/100 g),其次是天冬氨酸(0.46 g/100 g)。小花山柰根状茎中共检测出28种微量元素,其中钾元素含量最高(3270 mg/kg),镁(813 mg/kg)、钙(289 mg/kg)、锰(146 mg/kg)和铝(135 mg/kg)的含量也较高,其他微量元素的含量均在80 mg/kg以下。小花山柰根状茎乙酸乙酯层提取物的抗细菌活性最强,石油醚层提取物对杜英生假隐丛赤壳菌的抑制活性最强,半最大效应浓度(EC50)为14.11 μg/mL。【结论】小花山柰根状茎中含有种类丰富的挥发油,以及蛋白质、氨基酸和微量元素等多种营养成分;根状茎乙酸乙酯层提取物具有较强的抗细菌活性,石油醚层提取物对杜英生假隐丛赤壳菌具有明显的抑制作用,小花山柰作为林下新资源植物具有重要的开发和应用价值。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was intended to elucidate the chemical composition and relative content of volatile oil from the rhizome of Kaempferia parviflora, determine the contents of various nutrients, and explore the antimicrobial activities of different extracts from the rhizome of K. parviflora. These results provide theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of K. parviflora resources.【Method】 The volatile oil from rhizome of K. parviflora was extracted by steam distillation and its chemical constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The composition and contents of protein, crude polysaccharide and trace elements in rhizome of K. parviflora were determined by Kjeldahl method, acid-phenol colorimetric method and microwave digestion-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS) semi-quantitative analysis method, respectively. The amino acid composition and content were determined by ion exchange chromatography with ninhydrin post-column derivatization. The inhibitory activities of different extracts from rhizome of K. parviflora against six bacteria and two fungi were determined by the bacteriostatic zone method and the mycelium growth rate method.【Result】 The yield of volatile oil in rhizome of K. parviflora was 0.14‰. A total of 66 components were identified from the volatile oil of K. parviflora rhizomes, accounting for 94.51% of the total volatile components including olefins, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones and esters. The main components were borneol (13.02%), linalool(12.27%) and 1-methyl-5-1,6-cyclodecadiene(5.42%). The contents of protein and crude polysaccharide in rhizome of K. parviflora were 3.83 g/100 g and 3.33 g/100 g respectively. The total of 16 amino acids was 2.94 g/100 g, among which the content of arginine(ARG) was the highest with 0.61 g/100 g, followed by aspartic acid(ASP) with 0.46 g/100 g. A total of 28 trace elements were detected in rhizome of K. parviflora, of which the content of potassium was the highest(3270 mg/kg), followed by magnesium(813 mg/kg), calcium (289 mg/kg), manganese (146 mg/kg) and aluminium(135 mg/kg). The contents of other trace elements were all below 80 mg/kg. The ethyl acetate layer extract from rhizome of K. parviflora showed the best antibacterial activity, and the petroleum ether layer extract showed the strongest inhibitory activity against Pesudocryphonectria elaeocarpicola with the half-maximal effect concentration (EC50) value was 14.11 μg/mL.【Conclusion】 The main components of volatile oil in rhizome of K. parviflora are borneol and linalool, and the rhizome contains protein, amino acid and trace elements. The ethyl acetate layer extract of rhizome of K. parviflora has good antibacterial activity, and the petroleum ether layer extract has obvious antifugal effect against P. elaeocarpicola. K. parviflora has important development and application values as a new understory resource plant.

     

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