蝶豆花奇亚籽酸奶果冻工艺优化及贮存品质分析

Optimization of the process of butterfly pea and chia seed yogurt jelly and storage quality analysis

  • 摘要: 【目的】探究蝶豆花奇亚籽酸奶果冻的制作工艺及其贮存品质,为新型果冻产品的开发提供技术支持。【方法】以纯牛奶、奇亚籽和蝶豆花为主要原料,以感官评分为考察指标,通过单因素试验和响应面试验优化制作蝶豆花奇亚籽酸奶果冻的工艺,并对其贮存期内的品质进行分析。【结果】建立增稠剂(果胶∶明胶=1∶2)添加量(A)、发酵温度(B)、发酵时间(C)和发酵剂添加量(D) 4个因素影响蝶豆花奇亚籽酸奶果冻感官评分(Y)的回归模型: Y=93.00+2.81A+1.54B+1.81C+4.02D+0.0500AB-0.1250AC+0.5000AD-0.0750BC+3.25BD-2.08CD-7.42A2-6.55B2-2.18C2-6.18D2。影响果冻感官评分的因素排序为发酵剂添加量>增稠剂添加量>发酵时间>发酵温度;其中,4个单因素及发酵温度与发酵剂添加量的交互作用对果冻感官评分影响极显著(P<0.01),发酵时间与发酵剂添加量对果冻感官评分影响显著(P<0.05);蝶豆花奇亚籽酸奶果冻最佳制作工艺:以成品果冻质量计,蝶豆花1%,奇亚籽1%,纯净水24%,柠檬酸0.2%,纯牛奶56.9%,增稠剂(果胶∶明胶=1∶2) 3.2%,白砂糖13%,发酵剂0.7%;发酵温度42℃,发酵时间7 h,该果冻产品中蛋白质含量为3.38 g/100 g,可溶性固形物含量为16.1%,乳酸菌活菌数为3.2×108 CFU/mL;在2~4℃条件下贮藏,产品保质期可达27 d,凝胶效果好,口感细腻,呈浅蓝色,具有酸奶的发酵风味。【结论】通过响应面优化制得的蝶豆花奇亚籽酸奶果冻富含益生菌、蛋白质和膳食纤维,质地均匀有弹性,有酸奶发酵香味,酸甜适中。该研究可为天然资源蝶豆花和奇亚籽的开发利用提供新的思路和方向,同时丰富果冻产品种类。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore the technological formula and storage quality of butterfly pea and chia seed yogurt jelly, and provide technical support for the development of new jelly products.【Method】 With milk, chia seeds and butterfly pea as the main raw materials, with sensory evaluation as the index, the yogurt jelly of butterfly pea and chia seeds was fermented by single factor experiment and response surface optimization, and its quality during storage was analyzed. 【Result】 The regression model of sensory score(Y) of butterfly pea and chia seeds yoghurt jelly was established by four factors including thickener(pectin:gelatin=1:2) amount(A), fermentation temperature(B), fermentation time(C) and starter amount(D):Y=93.00 + 2.81A + 1.54B + 1.81C + 4.02D + 0.0500AB-0.1250AC + 0.5000AD-0.0750BC + 3.25BD-2.08CD-7.42A2-6.55B2-2.18C2-6.18D2. The order of the factors affecting the sensory score of jelly was starter amount> thickener amount>fermentation time>fermentation temperature. Among them, four single factors and the interaction between fermentation temperature and the amount of starter had extremely significant effects on the sensory score of jelly (P<0.01), while fermentation time and starter amount had significant effects on the sensory score of jelly(P<0.05). The optimum fermentation technology and formula of butterfly pea and chia seeds yogurt jelly were as follows:based on the weight of the finished jelly, butterfly pea 1%, chia seeds 1%, purified water 24%, citric acid 0.2%, pure milk 56.9%, thickener(pectin:gelatin=1:2) 3.2%, white sugar 13% and starter 0.7%. When the fermentation temperature was 42℃ and the fermentation time was 7 h, the content of protein in this jelly product was 3.38 g/100 g, the soluble solid content 16.1%, and the number of viable lactic acid bacteria 3.2×108 CFU/mL. After storage at 2-4℃, the shelf life of the product could reach 27 d, gel effect was good, with delicate taste, light blue and yogurt fermentation flavor.【Conclusion】 The yogurt jelly with butterfly pea and chia seeds is optimized by response surface methodology. It is rich in probiotics, protein and dietary fiber. The texture is uniform and elastic,with yogurt fermentation flavor,balanced sweet and sour taste. This study can provide new ideas and directions for the exploitation and utilization of natural resources such as butterfly flower and chia seed, and enrich the variety of jelly products.

     

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