木薯/大豆间作行距对作物产量和效益的影响

Effects of intercropping row spaces between cassava and soybean on crop yields and economic profit

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究不同间作行距对木薯和大豆农艺性状、产量和群体经济效益的影响,为木薯/大豆间作行距合理配置及提高木薯种植效益提供理论依据。【方法】以木薯品种华南205和大豆品种桂春15号为试验材料,设木薯单作(CC)、大豆单作(SS)及木薯/大豆间作行距分别为30 cm(AB30)、35 cm(AB35)、40 cm(AB40)、45 cm(AB45)和50 cm(AB50)的7种处理。木薯间苗后每月测量木薯的株高和茎径,收获时分别测定木薯和大豆的农艺性状及产量,并计算群体效益及土地当量比(LER),分析不同间作行距对木薯和大豆农艺性状、产量及群体经济效益的影响。【结果】不同间作行距处理的木薯株高和茎径均低于木薯单作,间作行距与木薯株高、茎径和单位面积产量呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同)。不同间作行距处理的大豆产量均显著低于大豆单作(P<0.05,下同),间作行距与大豆株高呈显著正相关,与分枝数、单株荚数、单株粒重、百粒重和单位面积产量呈极显著正相关。不同间作行距处理的木薯产量和大豆产量均显著低于木薯单作和大豆单作,降幅分别为14.47%~27.29%和15.31%~33.93%。间作处理中,AB45处理的群体总产量最高,为33540.10 kg/ha,显著高于其他间作处理;群体总产量排序为CC>AB45>AB50>AB40>AB35>AB30>SS。各间作处理的总产值均显著高于木薯单作和大豆单作,其中AB45处理总产值最高,为33585.86元/ha,显著高于其他处理,增幅为5.03%~148.57%;单位面积总产值排序为AB45>AB50>AB40>AB35>AB30>CC>SS。各间作处理LER均大于1.00,为1.39~1.71,其中AB45处理LER最高,为1.71。【结论】以120 cm作为木薯种植固定带宽,在木薯行间间作2行大豆,木薯/大豆间作行距为45 cm时作物群体经济效益最优,该种植模式可在广西木薯种植地区推广应用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 The present study analyzed the effects of different row spaces on agronomic traits,yields and crop population economic profit of cassava intercropped with soybean,thus providing theoretical basis for properly allocating row space between cassava and soybean and improving the economic profit of cassava planting.【Method】 Cassava cultivar Huanan 205 and soybean cultivar Guichun 15 were utilized and applied in the following seven intercropping treatments:cassava only(CC),soybean only(SS),cassava intercropped with soybean under row spaces of 30 cm(AB30), 35 cm(AB35),40 cm(AB40),45 cm(AB45) and 50 cm(AB50),respectively. Plant height and stem diameter of cassava were measured in every month after intercropping treatment. Agronomic traits and yields of cassava and soybean were measured at harvest. Crop population economic profit and land equivalent ratio were calculated. The effects of intercropping row space on agronomic traits,yields and crop population economic profit of cassava and soybean were analyzed. 【Result】 The plant height and stem diameter of cassava under different intercropping row space treatments were lower than those of cassava only(CC). Intercropping row spaces were extremely significantly positively correlated with plant height,stem diameter and yield per unit area(P<0.01,the same below). The yield of soybean under different intercropping row space treatments was significantly lower than that of soybean only(SS) (P<0.05, the same below). Intercropping row spaces were significantly correlated with plant height,and extremely significantly positively correlated with branch number,pod number per plant,seed weight per plant,100-seed weight and yield per unit area of soybean. The yields of intercropping cassava and intercropping soybean under different intercropping row space treatments were significantly lower than those of cassava only and soybean only,with decreases of 14.47%-27.29% and 15.31%-33.93%,respectively. The total yield of AB45(33540.10 kg/ha) was the highest one,and was significantly higher than other intercropping treatments. Total yield from the highest to the lowest was as follows:CC>AB45>AB50>AB40>AB35>AB30>SS. The total economic profit of cassava and soybean intercropping combinations were significantly higher than that of cassava monoculture and soybean monoculture. The best income was under the AB45 treatment(33585.86 yuan/ha),increased by 5.03%-148.57%,which was significantly higher than the rest of other treatments. The total economic profit of unit area from the highest to the lowest was as follows:AB45>AB50>AB40>AB35>AB30>CC>SS. The total land equivalent ratio(LER) of the intercropping population was higher than 1.00(1.39-1.71),among which the highest was AB45(1.71).【Conclusion】 The fixed width of cassava planting is 120 cm,and two rows of soybean are intercropped between cassava rows. When cassava intercrops with soybean under row spaces of 45 cm,the economic benefit of crop population is the best. This planting model can be popularized and applied in cassava plan-ting areas in Guangxi.

     

/

返回文章
返回