贵州省金银花白粉病病原鉴定、 生物学特性及防治药剂筛选

Identification and biological characteristics of honeysuckle powdery mildew pathogen and screening of fungicide in Guizhou

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确贵州省金银花白粉病的病原菌分类地位与生物学特性,筛选有效的防治药剂,为金银花白粉病的田间防治提供理论基础。【方法】分别于贵州省铜仁市沿河县和遵义市绥阳县采集具有典型白粉病症状的金银花叶片和花蕾,对获得的菌株进行致病性测定,结合形态特征和ITS序列测序及系统发育进化分析对病原菌进行分类鉴定;采用孢子萌发法和喷施接种法分析温度对病原菌分生孢子萌发率和致病性的影响;结合室内毒力测定和温室药效试验评估6种常见杀菌剂对金银花白粉病的防控效果。【结果】从贵州省遵义市和铜仁市金银花产区共获得33株疑似病原菌菌株,致病性测定结果表明,所有菌株均为金银花白粉病致病菌,其中代表性菌株BF1的形态特征与忍冬叉丝壳菌(Erysiphe lonicerae var. lonicerae)相似,且其ITS序列聚类分析显示与E. lonicerae var. lonicerae ITS序列聚为一类。菌株BF1生物学特性测定结果显示,菌株BF1最适孢子萌发温度为24~26℃,最适致病温度为24℃。防治药剂筛选试验结果显示,室内条件下1%多抗霉素、30%吡唑醚菌酯、5%已唑醇和0.3%四霉素对菌株BF1分生孢子萌发有较好的抑制作用,其EC50分别为0.3454、0.4347、0.5369和0.6315 g/L;温室条件下1%多抗霉素、30%吡唑醚菌酯、5%已唑醇和0.3%四霉素对金银花白粉病均表现出较好的防治效果,第2次药后的防治效果分别为88.53%、86.40%、84.00%和89.60%。【结论】引起贵州省铜仁市和遵义市金银花白粉病的病原菌为忍冬叉丝壳菌。0.3%四霉素水剂、1%多抗霉素水剂、30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂和5%己唑醇乳剂能有效防控金银花白粉病,可在金银花生产中推广应用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 This study clarified the taxonomic status and biological characteristics of the pathogen of honeysuckle powdery mildew in Guizhou and screened effective control agents,so as to provide a theoretical basis for disease control in the field.【Method】In this study,typical diseased leaf samples and flower buds of honeysuckle powdery mildew in Yanhe County, Tongren City and Suiyang County,Zunyi City,Guizhou Province were collected. Pathogenicity of collected strains was determined. The pathogen was identified by morphological characteristics,ITS sequence analysis, and phylogenetic tree analysis. The effects of temperature on the germination rate and pathogenicity of conidia of the pathogen were analyzed by the spore germination method and the spray inoculation method. The prevention effect of six common fungicides on honeysuckle powdery mildew was evaluated under indoor and greenhouse conditions respectively. 【Result】 Thirty-three suspected disease strains were obtained from planting bases of honeysuckle in Zunyi City and Tongren City,Guizhou Province. Pathogenicity test results showed that all strains were the pathogenic strain of honeysuckle powdery mildew. The morphological characteristics of the representative strain BF1 were similar to those of Erysiphe lonicerae var. lonicerae,and its ITS sequence clustering analysis showed that the pathogen was clustered with E. lonicerae var. lonicerae in the same branch of the phylogenetic tree.According to strain BF1 biological characteristics test, the optimum spore germination temperature of strain BF1 was 24-26 ℃;the optimum pathogenic temperature was 24 ℃. According to the results of screening control agents,under indoor conditions,1% polyoxin,30% pyraclostrobin,5% hexaconazole, and 0.3% tetramycin showed good inhibitory effects on conidial germination of strain BF1,with EC50 values of 0.3454, 0.4347,0.5369,and 0.6315 g/L respectively;under greenhouse conditions,1% polyoxin,30% pyraclostrobin,5% hexaconazole,and 0.3% tetramycin showed good control effects on honeysuckle powdery mildew,with efficacies of 88.53%, 86.40%,84.00%,and 89.60% after twice treatments respectively.【Conclusion】The causative pathogen of honeysuckle powdery mildew in Tongren City and Zunyi City,Guizhou Province is E. lonicerae var. lonicerae. 0.3% tetramycin aquae, 1% polyoxin aquae,30% pyraclostrobin suspending agent and 5% hexaconazole emulsion can effectively prevent and control the disease,which can be applied in the production of honeysuckle.

     

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