不同有机物料对海南雪茄烟生长、养分吸收及产质量的影响

Effects of different organic materials on growth, nutrient absorption, yield and quality of cigar in Hainan

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析不同有机物料对雪茄烟生长、养分吸收及烟叶产质量的影响,为海南雪茄烟区进一步科学施用有机物料提供理论依据。【方法】采用大田试验,设全部施用化肥(对照,YJ1)、田菁绿肥翻压+化肥(YJ2)、腐熟芝麻饼肥+化肥(YJ3)、腐熟菜籽饼肥+化肥(YJ4)和摩尔根生物菌肥+化肥(YJ5) 5个处理,测定并分析雪茄烟农艺性状、叶片SPAD值、干物质积累、养分吸收及产量和质量等指标。【结果】 YJ3和YJ4处理旺长期、成熟期农艺性状优于YJ1处理,YJ3处理各时期及YJ4处理旺长期叶片SPAD值显著高于YJ1处理(P<0.05,下同)。移栽后47~62 d各有机物料处理的全株干物质积累量和积累速率均显著高于YJ1处理,以YJ3和YJ4处理全株干物质积累量较高,分别较YJ1处理显著提高60.87%和45.26%;移栽后84 d,YJ4和YJ3处理的全株总干物质量及根、茎、叶干物质量均显著提高,各有机物料处理总体促进了烟株氮、磷、钾、钙、镁和硫的积累,氮、磷、钾积累量分别以YJ3、YJ5、YJ4处理最高。YJ4和YJ5处理雪茄烟叶产量和茄衣产量显著高于YJ1处理,其中YJ4处理增幅分别为39.34%和52.78%;YJ3处理茄衣产出率最高,较YJ1处理显著提高12.44%。各有机物料处理的雪茄烟叶外观质量总分均高于YJ1处理,以YJ4和YJ3处理较高,分别显著高于YJ1处理6.95%和6.04%,且2个处理的烟叶组织结构、油分得分也显著提高。同时,YJ4处理烟叶物理特性总体表现较优。【结论】施用有机物料能改善雪茄烟农艺性状,促进烟株干物质积累和养分吸收,提高烟叶产量、茄衣烟叶产出率及烟叶外观质量和物理特性,使烟叶化学成分含量较适宜。综合分析,以腐熟菜籽饼肥施用效果总体较优,可在海南省雪茄烟叶种植区推广使用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze the effects of different organic materials on growth, nutrient absorption, yield and quality of cigar, and to provide reference for further scientific application of organic materials in Hainan cigar tobacco planting area.【Method】 A field experiment was carried out to determine and analyze the agronomic characters, leaf SPAD value, dry matter accumulation, nutrient absorption, yield, and quality of cigar tobacco under five treatments:chemical fertilizer (YJ1), Sesbania cannabina green manure + chemical fertilizer (YJ2), decomposed sesame cake fertilizer + chemical fertilizer(YJ3), decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer + chemical fertilizer(YJ4), and Moergen biofertilizer + chemical fertilizer(YJ5).【Result】 The agronomic characters of YJ3 and YJ4 treatments were better than those of YJ1 treatment at the vigorous growing stage and the maturing stage. The leaf SPAD values of YJ3 treatment were significantly higher than those of YJ1 treatment at all stages(P<0.05, the same below), and those of YJ4 treatment were significantly higher than those of YJ1 treatment at the vigorous growing stage. 47-62 d after transplanting, the dry matter accumulation and accumulation rate of the whole plant of each organic material treatment were significantly higher than those of YJ1 treatment, YJ3 and YJ4 treatment had higher total dry matter accumulation, which increased by 60.87% and 45.26%, respectively compared with YJ1. At 84 d after transplanting, total dry weight of the whole plant, dry weight of root, stem and leaf of YJ4 and YJ3 treatments were also significantly increased. The treatments of organic materials promoted the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur in tobacco plants, and the highest accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium were YJ3, YJ5, and YJ4 respectively. The yield of cigar leaf and wrapper tobacco of YJ4 and YJ5 treatments were significantly higher than YJ1 treatment, the increase rates of YJ4 treatment were 39.34%, 52.78%, respectively. The yield of output rate of cigar wrapper tobacco of YJ3 treatment was the highest, which was 12.44% higher than YJ1 treatment. The appearance quality of tobacco leaves of each organic material treatment were better than that of YJ1 treatment, the total scores of YJ4 and YJ3 treatments were significantly increased by 6.95% and 6.04% compared with YJ1 treatment respectively, and the blade structure, oil content of the two treatments were significantly higher than those of YJ1 treatment. The physical characters of tobacco leaf of YJ4 treatment were better overall.【Conclusion】 The applications of organic materials can improve the agronomic characters of cigar tobacco plants, promote dry matter accumulation and nutrient absorption, increase tobacco leaf yield and output rate of wrapper tobacco, improve the appearance and physical characters of tobacco leaves, and make the chemical components contents of tobacco leaves more suitable. The application of decomposed rapeseed cake fertilizer is more effective, and it can be popularized in Hainan cigar tobacco planting area.

     

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