Effects of foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer interaction on photosynthetic characteristics， yield traits and rice quality of rice-shrimp co-cropping after rice panicle pumping
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摘要: 【目的】研究稻虾共作模式下叶面肥与穗肥互作对水稻光合生理特性、产量性状和稻米品质的影响，筛选适宜的叶面肥与穗肥配施组合，为稻虾共作模式下水稻的高产优质栽培提供参考依据。【方法】以水稻品种荆香优72号为试验材料，采用双因素［碳氧1号叶面肥处理（F）和穗肥水平（P）］随机区组试验设计，叶面肥设不喷施处理（F0）与喷施处理（F1） 2个水平，穗肥设追施复合肥0 kg/ha （P0）、75 kg/ha （P1）和150 kg/ha （P2） 3个水平，共6个处理。喷施叶面肥后第7 d测定剑叶SPAD值、酶活性及丙二醛（MDA）和可溶性糖含量，水稻成熟后测定产量性状和稻米品质。【结果】喷施碳氧1号叶面肥和穗肥追施复合肥均可不同程度提高水稻剑叶光合能力和抗氧化能力。喷施叶面肥处理较不喷施处理可提高水稻剑叶的SPAD值2.3%~10.5%、可溶性糖含量17.1%~34.5%、二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶（Rubisco）活性26.4%~53.6%、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性9.2%~45.1%、过氧化物酶（POD）活性2.2%~7.2%，降低MDA含量16.7%~41.4%，其中，F1P2处理对提高水稻剑叶Rubisco活性和降低MDA含量的效果较好，F1P1处理对提高水稻剑叶SPAD值、可溶性糖含量及SOD和POD活性的效果较好。从产量来看，喷施叶面肥和穗肥追施复合肥均可提高水稻产量，喷施叶面肥后较不喷施处理可使水稻显著增产14.6%~24.5%（P＜0.05，下同），其中F1P1处理的每穗实粒数、结实率和水稻产量最高。从品质来看，喷施叶面肥和穗肥追施复合肥均可不同程度改善稻米品质，喷施叶面肥后较不喷施处理可使水稻整精米率提高2.2%~2.5%，稻米垩白粒率降低29.2%~32.4%，稻米垩白度降低7.1%~31.8%，稻米总蛋白含量降低8.6%~9.7%，其中，F1P2处理可显著提高稻米整精米率，F1P1处理可显著降低稻米垩白粒率、垩白度和总蛋白含量。剑叶光合生理指标与水稻产量及稻米品质性状的相关分析结果表明，水稻产量和稻米整精米率与剑叶SPAD值、可溶性糖含量及Rubisco、SOD和POD活性呈极显著正相关（P＜0.01，下同），分别与MDA含量呈极显著和显著负相关。【结论】穗肥追施75 kg/ha复合肥并于抽穗50%时喷施1次碳氧1号叶面肥对提高水稻产量和改善稻米品质的综合效果较好，在稻虾共作模式的水稻生产中具有较好的推广应用价值。Abstract: 【Objective】The effects of foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer interaction on the photosynthetic physiological characteristics，yield traits and rice quality of rice under the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode were studied. The appropriate combination of foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer was screened to provide reference for the high-yield and high-quality cultivation of rice under the rice-shrimp co-cropping mode.【Method】Taking the rice variety Jingxiangyou 72 as the test material，a two-factor［the foliar fertilizer treatment of Tanyang No.1（F）and panicle fertilizer level（P）］randomized block experimental design was adopted. There were two levels of foliar fertilizer without spraying treatment（F0）and with spraying treatment（F1），and three levels of panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer of 0 kg/ha（P0），75 kg/ha （P1）and 150 kg/ha（P2）for a total of 6 treatments. Leaf SPAD value，enzyme activity，malondialdehyde （MDA）content and soluble sugar content were determined on day 7 after foliar fertilizer spraying，and yield traits and rice quality were determined after rice maturity.【Result】Spraying the foliar fertilizer of Tanyang No.1 and panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer could improve the photosynthetic function and antioxidant capacity of rice flag leaves to different degrees. Compared with no spraying treatment，foliar fertilizer treatment could increase the SPAD value of rice flag leaves by 2.3%-10.5%，soluble sugar content by 17.1%-34.5%，ribulose diphosphate carboxylase（Rubisco）activity by 26.4%-53.6%，superoxide dismutase（SOD）activity by 9.2%-45.1%，peroxidase（POD）activity by 2.2%-7.2%，and reduce MDA content by 16.7%-41.4%. Among that，F1P2 treatment was effective on increasing the Rubisco activity and reducing MDA content of rice flag leaves，and F1P1 treatment was effective on increasing the SPAD value，soluble sugar content，SOD and POD activities of rice flag leaves. From the perspective of yield，spraying foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer could increase rice yield，and spraying foliar fertilizer could significantly increase rice yield by 14.6%-24.5% compared with no foliar fertilizer treatment（P＜0.05，the same below），of which F1P1 treatment had the highest number of grains per ear，seed setting rate and rice yield. From the perspective of quality，spraying foliar fertilizer and panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer could improve the quality of rice to different degrees. Compared with no foliar fertilizer treatment，spraying foliar fertilizer could increase the whole polished rice rate by 2.2%- 2.5%，reduce the chalky grain rate of rice by 29.2%-32.4%，reduce the chalkiness degree by 7.1%-31.8%，and reduce the total protein content of rice by 8.6%-9.7%. Among that，F1P2 treatment could significantly improve the whole polished rice rate，F1P1 treatment could significantly reduce the chalky grain rate of rice，chalkiness degree and total protein content. The results of the correlation between the photosynthetic physiological indexes of rice flag leaves and rice yield with rice quality traits showed that rice yield and the whole polished rice rate were extremely significantly positively correlated with SPAD value，soluble sugar content and Rubisco，SOD and POD activities of rice flag leaves（P＜0.01，the same below）， and were extremely significantly and significantly negatively correlated with MDA content respectively.【Conclusion】The panicle fertilizer topdressing compound fertilizer of 75 kg/ha and the spraying of the foliar fertilizer of Tanyang No.1 once during panicle pumping 50% period has good comprehensive effect on improving rice yield and rice quality，having high promotion and application value in rice production in rice with rice-shrimp co-cropping mode.
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Keywords:
- rice-shrimp co-cropping /
- foliar fertilizer /
- rice /
- photosynthetic physiology /
- yield traits /
- quality
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