2017—2022年焦作小麦区域试验品种主要农艺性状及产量分析

Analysis of main agronomic traits and yield of tested wheat varieties in regional experiment in Jiaozuo during 2017-2022

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析近年来黄淮麦区新育成小麦新品种主要农艺性状的演变情况及与产量的关系,以期为焦作及同一生态地区小麦育种和生产提供参考。【方法】以2017—2022年焦作小麦区域试验694个参试小麦新品种为试验材料,通过多样性分析、相关分析、偏相关分析、通径分析、逐步回归分析对生育期、基本苗、有效穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、株高和产量等主要农艺性状进行综合分析。【结果】参试小麦品种主要农艺性状的变异系数为2.37%~20.23%,平均为13.19%,遗传多样性指数为1.7460~2.0838,平均为1.9561。小麦产量整体水平较高,不同年份的小麦产量在5125.92~8602.19 kg/ha,有效穗数在742.70万~551.05万穗/ha,穗粒数高于31粒(2018年除外),千粒重为43.39~50.10 g。相关分析结果表明: 7个农艺性状间存在一定程度的相关性,与产量相关程度表现为穗粒数(r=0.556) >基本苗(r=-0.460) >生育期(r=0.412) >千粒重(r=0.387) >株高(r=0.158) >有效穗数(r=-0.051);偏相关分析结果表明:主要农艺性状与产量的相关程度表现为穗粒数(r=0.629) >生育期(r=0.462) >有效穗数(r=0.363) >千粒重(r=0.342) >基本苗(r=-0.297) >株高(r=0.101);通径分析结果表明:主要农艺性状对产量的综合作用贡献大小依次为穗粒数(0.5970) >生育期(0.5054) >基本苗(∣-0.4563∣) >千粒重(0.4068) >株高(0.2015) >有效穗数(∣-0.0402∣);逐步回归分析结果表明:穗粒数、生育期、千粒重和有效穗数为产量的主要决定因素。【结论】综合分析黄淮麦区新育成小麦品种,穗粒数对产量的影响最大。今后小麦育种和生产中应注重产量三要素间的协同平衡,通过育种和栽培手段稳定并增加小麦穗粒数是焦作及同一生态区小麦高产稳产的重要途径。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The purpose of the study was to analyze the evolution of main agronomic traits of new wheat varieties and their relationship with yield in Huanghuai wheat region in recent years,in order to provide reference for wheat breeding and production in Jiaozuo and the same ecological areas.【Method】Using 694 tested new wheat varieties in the 2017-2022 Jiaozuo wheat regional test as experimental materials,main agronomic traits including growth period, basic seedling,number of effective panicle,grain number per panicle,1000-grain weight,plant height and yield were comprehensively analyzed by diversity analysis,correlation analysis,partial correlation analysis,path analysis and stepwise regression analysis.【Result】The coefficient variation of 7 main agronomic traits in 694 tested wheat varieties was 2.37%-20.23%,with an average value of 13.19%. The genetic diversity index was 1.7460-2.0838,with an average value of 1.9561. The overall level of wheat yield was high,and the wheat yield in different years was 5125.92-8602.19 kg/ha. The number of effective panicle was 7427000-5510500 panicle / ha,the grain number per panicle was higher than 31 grains(except in 2018),and the 1000-grain weight was 43.39-50.10 g. The results of correlation analysis showed that there was a certain degree of correlations among 7 agronomic traits,and correlation degree on yield ranked as grain number per panicle(r=0.556)>basic seedling(r=- 0.460)>growth period(r=0.412)>1000-grain weight(r=0.387)>plant height(r=0.158)>number of effective panicle(r=-0.051). The results of partial correlation analysis showed that the degree of correlation of main agronomic traits on yield ranked as grain number per panicle(r=0.629)>growth period(r= 0.462)>number of effective panicle(r=0.363) >1000-grain weight(r=0.342) >basic seedling(r=-0.297) >plant height(r= 0.101). The results of path analysis showed that the comprehensive contribution on yield was in the order of grain number per panicle(0.5970)>growth period(0.5054)>basic seedling(∣-0.4563 ∣)>1000-grain weight(0.4068)>plant height (0.2015)> number of effective panicle(∣-0.0402∣). The results of stepwise regression analysis showed that grain number per panicle,growth period,1000-grain weight and number of effective panicle were the main determinants of yield. 【Conclusion】According to the comprehensive analysis of the new wheat varieties in Huanghuai wheat area,the grain number per panicle has the greatest influence on the yield. Therefore,the synergistic balance of the three yield components should be emphasized,breeding and cultivation methods to stabilize and increase the number of wheat grains per panicle is an important way for high and stable wheat yield in Jiaozuo and the same ecological areas.

     

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