Abstract: 【Objective】To provide references to reveal the molecular regulation mechanism for growth and development in Macrobrachium rosenbergii, the candidate genes and signaling pathways related to its growth traits were identified and screened.【Method】 Female individuals with different growth rates from the same full-sibling family were selected to perform transcriptome sequencing by Illumina HiSeq^TM 2500 platform. After filtering and quality control,Trinity was used for assembly to obtain Unigenes.Furthermore,functional annotation in databases(Nr,Nt,KO, Swiss-Prot,Pfam, GO, KOG, KEGG)were conducted. Differentially expressed genes(DEGs)between the fast-growing group and slow-growing group were identified by DESeq2. GOseq and KOBAS software were adopted to conduct GO enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway analysis. Additionally, MISA was used for detecting the SSR loci.【Result】 A total of 321706038 Raw reads were obtained in the muscle tissue transcriptome sequencing of M. rosenbergii. After filtering,310075274 Clean reads were obtained,and then assembled into 38969 Unigenes. A total of 18160(46.60%)Unigenes were successfully annotated in above databases(Nr,Nt,KO,Swiss-Prot,Pfam,GO,KOG,KEGG). After DEGs analysis,937 DEGs were identified between the two groups,including 235 up-regulated genes and 702 down-regulated genes. A total of 937 DEGs were enriched in 230 GO terms and 21 KEGG signaling pathways respectively, including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation signaling pathways. Meanwhile, 22476 SSRs were identified from 38969 Unigenes.【Conclusion】A total of 937 DEGs are screened out based on muscle transcriptome sequencing analysis of female M. rosenbergii with different growth rates,which are mainly enriched in several signaling pathways including amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation signa-ling pathway, playing an important role in the growth and development of M. rosenbergii.