油樟精油及1,8-桉叶素对杂草的化感效应

Allelopathic effects of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum(Gamble) N. Chao ex H. W. Li essential oil and 1,8-cineole on weeds

  • 摘要: 【目的】从植物化感作用角度探究油樟精油抑草性能,为开发油樟精油抑草产品打下基础。【方法】以稗草、马齿苋和草木犀的种子为试验对象,采用室内滤纸培养皿法,将油樟精油(纯度≥99%)及其单体1,8-桉叶素(纯度≥98%),以吐温-80助溶,配制不同体积浓度(0、0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0、4.0和5.0 μL/mL)的溶液处理种子,以蒸馏水为对照,通过种子发芽情况(发芽势、发芽率)、淀粉酶活性、生长情况(株高、胚根长、根系活力)等指标分析油樟精油对几种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长的化感作用。【结果】油樟精油和1,8-桉叶素处理对稗草、马齿苋和草木犀种子的发芽势、最终发芽率和生长量及根系活力均有明显抑制作用,且随着处理浓度增高,抑制作用越强。油樟精油处理使草木犀根尖细胞有丝分裂速度降低,使幼苗胚根伸长和根毛生成受到抑制。一定浓度的油樟精油和1,8-桉叶素处理会抑制种子萌发时淀粉酶活性,且存在明显剂量效应。油樟精油和1,8-桉叶素处理导致3种杂草幼苗体内丙二醛含量显著增高(P<0.05),表明其细胞膜系统受损。通过综合化感效应指数分析,稗草和马齿苋对1,8-桉叶素更敏感,草木犀对油樟精油更敏感。【结论】油樟精油和1,8-桉叶素对稗草、马齿苋和草木犀3种杂草种子萌发和幼苗生长有显著化感抑制作用,油樟精油的抑制作用部分源于1,8-桉叶素作用,但也受到油樟精油中其他物质影响,且不同杂草种类对油樟精油中各种化感成分敏感程度不同。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To study weed-inhibiting effect of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum(Gamble)N. Chao ex H. W. Li essential oil from the perspective of allelopathic effects,so as to lay a foundation for developing weed-inhibiting products of C. longepaniculatum essential oil.【Method】 Seeds of Echinochloa crusgalli(L.)Beauv.,Portulaca oleracea L. and Melilotus officinalis(L.)Pall. were used as research objects, and indoor filter paper culture dish method was adopted. C. longepaniculatum essential oil(purity≥99%)and its monomer 1,8-cineole(purity≥98%)were mixed with Tween-80 to prepare solutions of different volume concentrations(0,0.5,1.0,1.5,2.0,2.5,3.0,4.0 and 5.0 μL/mL)for treatments of seeds. With seeds in distilled water was as control,seed germination(germinative energy and germinative rate),amylase activity,seedling growth(plant height,radicle length,root activity)and other indexes were determined to analyze allelopathic effects of C. longepaniculatum essential oil on weed seed germination and seedling growth.【Result】 The treatment of C. longepaniculatum essential oil and 1,8-cineole greatly inhibited germinative energy,final germinative rate, growth and root activity of E. crusgalliP. oleracea and M. officinalis seeds,and the higher the concentration of the treatment,the stronger the inhibiting effects. The treatment of C. longepaniculatum essential oil lowered mitotic speed of M. officinalis root tip cells,resulting in inhibition of radicle elongation and root hair formation of seedlings. The treatment of C. longepaniculatum essential oil and 1,8-cineole of a certain concentration inhibited amylase activity during seed germination, and an obvious dosage effect was found. The treatment of C. longepaniculatum essential oil and 1,8-cineole significantly increased malondialdehyde(MDA)content in the 3 kinds of weed seedlings(P<0.05),indicating that their cell membrane system was damaged. Synthetical allelopathic index analysis showed that E. crusgalli and P. oleracea were more sensitive to 1,8-cineole,whereas M. officinalis was more sensitive to C. longepaniculatum essential oil.【Conclusion】C. longepaniculatum essential oil and 1, 8-cineole has significant allelopathic inhibiting effects on seed germination and seedling growth of the 3 kinds of weed(E. crusgalli,P. oleracea and M. officinalis). The inhibiting effects of C. longepaniculatum essential oil partly come from function of 1,8-cineole. But it is also affected by other substances in C. longepaniculatum essential oil,and different kinds of weeds are differently sensitive to various allelopathic components in C. longepaniculatum essential oil.

     

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