黄秋葵种质资源的嫩果表型性状多样性分析
Diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of okra young fruit
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摘要: 【目的】分析150份黄秋葵嫩果的表型性状多样性,为筛选黄秋葵新品种选育材料提供参考。【方法】以150份黄秋葵种质资源为材料,对黄秋葵嫩果的12个质量性状(果实大小、果实弯曲度、果实类型、果实色、果实表面、果实光泽、果顶形状、基部收缩强度、果棱间表面、果柄表面、果柄色和果姿)和9个数量性状(果实棱数、子房室数、单果重、果蒂重、蒴果长度、蒴果宽度、果柄长、果柄宽和果肉厚)进行调查统计,采用主成分分析、相关分析和聚类分析对嫩果表型性状进行多样性分析。【结果】 150份黄秋葵种质材料在果实大小、果实弯曲度、果实类型、果实表面、果实光泽、基部收缩强度、果棱间表面、果柄表面和果姿上分布较为集中,在果实色、果顶形状和果柄色上分布较分散。98.0%果实为中果,小果仅占2.0%;果实弯曲度以直果最多(70.7%);果实类型以棱果最多(82.0%);果实表面以光滑最多(87.3%);果实光泽以略有光泽最多(91.3%);基部收缩强度以无基部收缩最多(66.0%);果棱间表面以平最多(91.3%);果柄表面类型以多刺最多(60.7%);果姿以微斜(58.7%)和直立(36.7%)较多;果实色以绿色(46.0%)和深绿(25.9%)较多;果顶形状以尖(43.4%)和长尖(35.3%)较多;果柄色以绿色(66.0%)和深绿(18.6%)较多。主成分分析结果显示,前3个主成分的贡献率分别为46.413%、18.050%和13.513%,累积贡献率达77.976%。9个数量性状的变异系数为8.73%~25.97%,其变异系数排序为单果重>果实棱数>果蒂重>果柄长>果肉厚>蒴果长度>子房室数>蒴果宽度>果柄宽。通过聚类分析表明,供试材料划分为三大类群,果实类型在不同类群间集中分布,其中,第Ⅰ类群几乎为棱果,第Ⅱ类群为圆果,第Ⅲ类群为有棱圆果。【结论】 150份黄秋葵种质材料的嫩果果实表型性状具有丰富的遗传多样性,各性状间存在一定的相关性,可作为后续新品种选育材料。Abstract: 【Objective】 The diversity of phenotypic characters of young fruit of 150 okra samples was analyzed to provide reference for the breeding of okra.【Method】 The 150 okra germplasm resources from all over the world were used as test materials,12 qualitative characters, such as fruit size, fruit bending degree, fruit type, pericarp color,fruit surface, pericarp glossiness,fruit apex shape,constriction at basal part of fruit,fruit surface between ridges,pedicel surface, pedicel color,fruit posture and 9 quantitative characters, such as the number of fruit edges,number of ovaries,fruit weight,pedicle weight,fruit length,fruit width,pedicel length,pedicel width and pericarp thickness were investigated and statistically analyzed. The diversity of the phenotypic characters of the young fruit was analyzed by principal component analysis, correlation analysis and cluster analysis method.【Result】The distribution of 150 germplasm materials of okra was relatively concentrated in fruit size, fruit bending degree, fruit type, fruit surface,pericarp glossiness,constriction at basal part of fruit, fruit surface between ridges, pedicel surface and fruit posture, while the distribution of fruit color, fruit apex shape and pedicel color was relatively dispersed. 98.0% of the fruits were medium fruits,while small fruits only accounted for 2.0%;the fruit curvature was the highest in straight fruits(70.7%);the most common fruit type was ribbed fruit (82.0%);the surface of the fruit was mostly smooth (87.3%);most fruit had slight gloss (91.3%);most fruits had no constriction at basal part of fruit(66.0%);the fruit surface between ridges was mostly flat(91.3%);pedicel surface was mostly spiny(60.7%);the fruit posture was mostly inclined(58.7%)and upright(36.7%). In principal component analysis,the contribution rates of the first three principal components were 46.413%,18.050% and 13.513%,respectively,with a cumulative contribution rate of 77.976%. The coefficient of variation of 9 quantitative traits was 8.73%-25.97%,and the order of the coefficient of variation was single fruit weight>fruit ridge number>pedicel weight>pedicel length>pericarp thickness>fruit length>number of ovary chambers>fruit width>pedicel width. The test materials were divided into three major groups,with fruit types concentrated among different groups. Among them,theⅠgroup was almost ribbed fruit, the Ⅱ group was round fruit,and the Ⅲ group is ribbed round fruit.【Conclusion】 The phenotypic diversity of young fruit of the 150 okra germplasm resources have the rich genetic diversity, the traits are correlated at certain extent,which can be used as the breeding materials for new okra varieties.