抗枯萎病早花粉蕉突变体的筛选与鉴定

Screening and primary identification of Pisang Awak(ABB) mutant with resistance against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense and early flowering

  • 摘要: 【目的】筛选鉴定金粉1号抗枯萎病早花突变体55b,为进一步利用该突变体株系选育抗枯萎病粉蕉新品种打下基础。【方法】利用组织培养繁育结合田间种植筛选对金粉1号抗枯萎病早花突变体55b进行逐步分离,对其形态特征和生物学特性等进行观察鉴定,同时开展田间病害调查和苗期抗病性鉴定,并利用ISSR分子标记对突变体55b及野生型金粉1号的基因组DNA进行遗传分析。【结果】突变株系55b新植蕉平均株高335.3 cm,假茎基围、中围分别为84.2和57.5 cm,分别比对照金粉1号矮(小) 27.1%、23.3%和11.5%; 55b新植蕉生长周期比金粉1号短2~3个月,宿根蕉生长周期比金粉1号短1~2个月。55b田间枯萎病发病率低于金粉1号,在感染Foc1生理小种(Fusarium oxysporum f.sp.cubense race1)的蕉园55b的发病率可控制在10.0%以下,金粉1号发病率为30.0%~100.0%;伤根接菌处理80 d后,金粉1号蕉苗发病率为95.6%,死亡率达75.0%,而55b仅有极少数出现轻微黄化现象,发病率为6.5%。55b果实品质、单位面积产量等与金粉1号无明显差异;突变株系55b与金粉1号的多态性比率为7.7%,遗传相似系数为0.96,遗传背景相似。【结论】从金粉1号突变体55b后代中分离筛选的抗枯萎病、早熟、矮化株系可用来培育大面积推广的粉蕉新品种,或进一步由其衍生出具有广泛应用价值的亲本育种材料在香蕉育种研究中发挥作用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To screen and identify the mutant 55b of Jinfen 1 with fusarium wilt resistance and early flowering,and to lay a foundation for breeding new varieties of Pisang Awak(ABB)with fusarium wilt resistance by using the mutant strains.【Method】The resistance and early flowering mutant of Jinfen 1(55b)was gradually separated by tissue culture combined with field screening,and its morphological and biological characteristics were identified in the field. At the same time, disease observation and seedling resistance were carried out in the field, and genetic analysis was conducted on the genomic DNA of the mutant 55b and wild-type Jinfen 1 using ISSR molecular markers.【Result】 The growth of the mutant strain 55b was moderate. The average height of the pseudostem was 335.3 cm,and the base circumference and middle circumference of the pseudostem were 84.2 and 57.5 cm,respectively,which were 27.1%,23.3% and 11.5% smaller than that of Jinfen 1. The growth cycle of new planting 55b was about 2-3 months shorter than that of Jinfen 1, and that of perennial banana was about 1-2 months shorter than that of Jinfen 1. The incidence of fusarium wilt in the field of 55b was much lower than that of Jinfen 1, and the incidence of 55b in the banana garden infected with Foc1 physiological species(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp.cubense race1)was under 10.0%,and the incidence of Jinfen 1 was 30.0%-100.0%. After 80 d of inoculation treatment at root,the incidence rate of Jinfen 1 seedlings was 95.6% and the mortality rate was 75.0%,while the incidence rate of 55b was 6.5% with slight yellowing. Fruit quality and yield per unit area of 55b were not greatly different from that of Jinfen 1. The polymorphism ratio between the mutant strain 55b and Jinfen 1 was 7.7%, the genetic similarity coefficient was 0.96,and the genetic background was similar.【Conclusion】 The fusarium wilt resistant,early maturing and dwarfing strains isolated and screened from the offspring of Jinfen 1 mutant 55b can be used to breed new varieties of Pisang Awak(ABB)that can be widely planted,or the parent breeding materials derived from them can play a role in the research of banana breeding.

     

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