Effects of exogenous gibberellin on anatomical structure and chemical composition of banana pericarp and fruit rust control
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摘要: 【目的】研究外源赤霉素（GA）对香蕉果皮解剖结构和化学组成的影响及果锈防治效应，为香蕉生产栽培技术完善及香蕉产业可持续健康发展提供理论参考。【方法】以抗枯萎病香蕉品种宝岛蕉为试验材料，在散梳期均匀喷布100 mg/L GA4+7于果实表面，以喷清水为对照（CK），田间对比观察果锈的发生情况，通过光学显微镜、荧光显微镜及理化分析果皮组织结构、化学物质含量、相关酶活性和果实品质的差异。【结果】香蕉果锈发生时期是抽蕾后60 d，且随果实膨大程度而加重，外源GA4+7处理采收期果锈指数较CK降低18.0%（绝对值）；果锈的产生与果皮组织结构及胞壁木质化强烈相关，GA4+7处理采收期香蕉果皮角质层厚度较CK增加63.6%，表皮细胞大小和宽长比分别增加79.69 μm2和0.14，表皮细胞壁厚度降低28.4%； GA4+7处理果皮苯丙氨酸解氨酶（PAL）活性平均提高55.3%，多酚氧化酶（PPO）和过氧化物酶（POD）活性平均降低29.2%和18.0%，木质素含量与CK相比降低4.1%~41.3%，从而提高果皮细胞柔韧性，抑制果锈的发生。GA4+7处理对果肉总糖、可溶性固形物、蛋白质和钾含量及可食率无显著影响（P>0.05），可显著提高总酸和维生素C含量（P<0.05），增幅分别为40.0%和11.8%。【结论】外源喷施100 mg/L GA4+7可有效降低果锈发生程度，且对果实品质无不良影响，在高品质香蕉栽培生产上具有潜在使用价值。Abstract: 【Objective】 To study effects of exogenous gibberellin(GA) on anatomical structure and chemical composition of banana pericarp and fruit rust control, and to provide theoretical reference for banana production and cultivation technological improvement and sustainable and virtuous development of banana industry.【Method】 Baodao banana with resistance to Fusarium wilt was used as experimental material. 100 mg/L GA4+7 was sprayed on fruit surface of Baodao banana during combing period, and banana fruits sprayed with clean water was taken as the control(CK). Fruit rust occurrence was observed in the field. Differences in pericarp tissue structure, chemical content, related enzyme activities and fruit quality were analyzed by optical microscope, fluorescence microscope and physicochemical analysis.【Result】 Banana fruit rust occurred 60 d after budding, and the disease increased as fruit swelled, the fruit rust index of GA4+7 treatment was 18.0%(absolute value) lower than that of CK. Fruit rust occurrence was closely related to pericarp tissue structure and cell wall lignification, and compared to CK, in GA4+7 treatment, cuticle thickness significantly increased by 63.6%, epidermal cell size and width-length ratio increased by 79.69 μm2 and 0.14, but cell wall thickness decreased by 28.4%; compared to CK, in GA4+7 treatment, phenylalanine ammonia lyase(PAL) activity of pericarp increased by 55.3%, activity of polyphenol oxidase(PPO) and peroxidase(POD) decreased by 29.2% and 18.0%, and lignin content decreased by 4.1%-41.3%, thus enhancing cell flexibility and inhibiting fruit rust. GA4+7 treatment had no significant effect on total sugar, soluble solids, protein, potassium content and edible rate(P>0.05), but significantly increased total acid content and vitamin C (P<0.05), with an increase of 40.0% and 11.8% respectively.【Conclusion】 Spraying exogenous 100 mg/L GA4+7 can effectively reduce fruit rust occurrence and has no adverse effect on fruit quality, showing potential application value in high-quality banana fruit cultivation and production.
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Keywords:
- banana /
- gibberellin /
- fruit rust /
- anatomical structure /
- lignin
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