Abstract: 【Objective】To explore distribution of dominant populations and physiological races of Magnaporthe oryzae in Anhui Province and analyze pathogenicity of dominant physiological races,so as to provide a reference for rice blast resistance breeding and variety promotion.【Method】Seven rice varieties were identified and classified. M. oryzae from 21 cities(counties and districts) in 5 rice growing areas of Anhui Province from 2019 to 2020 were isolated and identified through artificial spray inoculation method at seedling stage. Seedling blast resistance of 775 rice resources was identified by different dominant physiological races to analyze pathogenicity and screen excellent rice resources resistant to rice blast.【Result】Seven groups of 25 physiological races were identified,and the dominant group was ZB with a frequency of 58.58%,followed by ZC with a frequency of 22.62%. Dominant physiological races were ZB13,ZB15 and ZC15,whose frequencies were 32.43%,17.98% and 17.98%,respectively. In single-season rice growing area along the Huaihe River and Huaibei region,dominant physiological races were ZB15,ZC15 and ZB13 in Fengtai County,ZB13 and ZB9 in Huaiyuan County,and ZB13 and ZG1 in Xiejiaji District. In single-and double-season rice growing areas of Jianghuai hilly area,dominant physiological races were ZB15 in Quanjiao County,ZB13,ZC15 and ZB15 in Shou County,and ZB13 and ZB15 in Feixi County. In double-and single-season rice growing areas along Yangtze River,dominant physiological races were ZC15 in Qingyang County,ZB13 and ZG1 in Wuwei City,ZB13,ZB15 and ZC15 in Xuanzhou District,ZB13,ZC13 and ZC15 in Dangtu County,ZB15 and ZC15 in Guichi District,ZC15,ZB13 and ZB15 in Nanling County,and ZB13 in Huaining County. In single-and double-season rice growing areas of Dabie Mountains,the dominant physiological races were ZB13 and ZG1 in Jinzhai County,ZB13 and ZB15 in Qianshan City,and ZB13 and ZH1 in Yuexi County. In single-and double-season rice growing areas of mountains in south Anhui,dominant physiological races were ZB15,ZB13 and ZC15 in Shitai County,ZC15,ZG1,ZB15 and ZH1 in Xiuning County,ZB13 and ZG1 in Ningguo City,ZB13,ZC13 and ZC15 in Huangshan District,and ZC15 in She County. Pathogenicity analysis of dominant physiological races showed that the pathogenicity of ZB13 in Xiuning County and Jinzhai County was 59.68% and 62.06% respectively,with an average of 60.87%. Pathogenicity of ZB15 in Xiuning County and Qianshan County was 61.16% and 64.84% respectively,with an average of 63.00%. Pathogenicity of ZC15 in Xiuning County and Nanling County was 71.29% and 66.26% respectively,with an average of 68.78%. As a result,10 excellent germplasm resources with seedling blast resistance were obtained.【Conclusion】The dominant populations of M. oryzae in Anhui Province are ZB population and ZC population,and the dominant physiological races are ZB13,ZB15 and ZC15. The distribution of physiological races in different rice growing areas of Anhui Province has been made clear.