Nutritional component in gonad and muscle of Eriocheir hpucnsis
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摘要: 【目的】探究合浦绒螯蟹的营养品质，对其性腺和肌肉营养成分进行分析，为其营养价值评价提供科学依据。【方法】选取体质健康的合浦绒螯蟹雌雄各30只，测定其形体指数，性腺和肌肉常规营养成分、氨基酸及脂肪酸含量。【结果】合浦绒螯蟹雌蟹的总可食率和性腺指数显著高于雄蟹（P<0.05，下同），较雄蟹分别增加20.16%和244.56%；而肝胰腺指数、肌肉可食率和肥满度均无显著差异（P>0.05，下同）。雌蟹性腺的粗蛋白和粗脂肪含量较雄蟹分别显著增加57.60%和1546.30%，肌肉的粗蛋白和粗脂肪较雄蟹分别显著增加3.90%和22.81%。雌蟹性腺必需氨基酸（EAA）、非必需氨基酸（NEAA）、总氨基酸（TAA）和鲜味氨基酸（DAA）含量均显著高于雄蟹，分别增加85.99%、21.61%、41.24%和13.74%；雄蟹肌肉必需氨基酸含量（62.09 mg/g）显著高于雌蟹（60.27 mg/g），增加3.02%，而总氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸含量无显著差异。依据氨基酸评分（AAS）标准和化学评分（CS）标准分值，以AAS进行评价时，合浦绒螯蟹肌肉和性腺的第一限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸，第二限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸；以CS进行评价时，肌肉和性腺的第一限制性氨基酸为蛋氨酸+半胱氨酸，第二限制性氨基酸为缬氨酸。雄蟹肌肉必需氨基酸指数（85.12）高于雌蟹（79.13），而雌蟹性腺必需氨基酸指数（89.35）高于雄蟹（77.01）。雄蟹性腺的饱和脂肪酸（SFA）和多不饱和脂肪酸（PUFA）总量显著高于雌蟹，分别增加26.25%和11.93%，而肌肉中二者无显著差异；雌蟹性腺和肌肉的单不饱和脂肪酸（MUFA）总量显著高于雄蟹，分别增加23.01%和9.38%；雄蟹性腺和肌肉的二十碳五烯酸+二十二碳六烯酸（EPA+DHA）含量（15.15%和13.08%）均显著高于雌蟹（13.18%和10.97%），雄蟹肌肉不饱和脂肪酸∑n-3/∑n-6比值（1.06）显著高于雌蟹（0.86）。【结论】合浦绒螯蟹雌蟹的总可食率、肌肉和性腺的蛋白质与脂肪含量及性腺氨基酸营养价值优于雄蟹，而雄蟹肌肉的必需脂肪酸营养价值优于雌蟹。因此，合浦绒螯蟹是富含优质脂肪酸和均衡氨基酸的大型食用蟹类。Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze nutritional composition in gonad and muscle of Eriocheir hpucnsis and investigate nutritional quality to provide scientific basis for E. hpucnsis nutritional value.【Method】30 healthy male and 30 female healthy E. hpucnsis were selected, and their body index, nutritional components, amino acid and fatty acid content in gonad and muscle were determined.【Result】The total edible yield and gonadstomic index of female E. hpucnsis were 20.16% and 244.56% higher than those of male E. hpucnsis significantly(P<0.05, the same below);no significant differences in hepatostomic index, meat yield and condition factor were found between female and male(P>0.05, the same below). The crude protein and crude fat content in gonad and muscle of female were 57.60% and 1546.30% higher than those of male significantly;and crude protein and crude fat content in muscle of female were 3.90% and 22.81% higher than those of male significantly. The content of essential amino acids(EAA), non-essential amino acids(NEAA), total amino acids(TAA), and delicious amino acids(DAA) in the gonad of female were 85.99%, 21.61%, 41.24% and 13.74% higher than those of male significantly. The EAA in the muscle of male(62.09 mg/g) was significantly higher than that of female(60.27 mg/g), showing an increase of 3.02%, and no significant differences of TAA and DAA were found. According to the amino acid score(AAS) and chemical score(CS), the first limiting amino acids for both male and female E. hpucnsis was valine, and the second was methionine+cysteine under standard of AAS;the first limiting amino acid for both male and female E. hpucnsis was methionine+cysteine, and the second was valine under standard of CS. Essential amino acid index(EAAI) of male E. hpucnsis muscle(85.12) was higher than that of female(79.13), and EAAI of female gonad(89.35) was higher than that of male(77.01). The content of saturated fatty acid(SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in the gonad of male was higher than that of female E. hpucnsis significantly, increased by 26.25% and 11.93%, respectively, but there was no significant difference of these two indexes in muscle;and the content of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA) in gonad and muscle of female was significantly higher than those of male E. hpucnsis, increasing by 23.01% and 9.38%, respectively. The content of eicosapentenoic acid + docosahexoenoic acid (EPA+DHA) in male gonad and muscle(15.15% and 13.08%) was significantly higher than that in female E. hpucnsis (13.18% and 10.97%), and the ratio of ∑n-3/∑n-6 PUFA in muscle of male(1.06) was significantly higher than female E. hpucnsis(0.86).【Conclusion】 The total edible yields, protein and fat content in female E. hpucnsis muscle and gonad and the nutritional value of gonadal amino acids are better than those of male E. hpucnsis, while the nutritional value of essential fatty acid in male muscle is better than that of female. Therefore, E. hpucnsis is a large edible crab rich in highquality fatty acid and balanced amino acid.
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Keywords:
- Eriocheir hpucnsis /
- male and female /
- gonad /
- muscle /
- nutritional component
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