白茶精加工过程茶尘分布与除尘措施研究

Tea dust distribution and dust removal measures during white tea finishing

  • 摘要: 【目的】探究白茶精加工过程中茶尘空间分布与动态变化规律,为白茶清洁化精加工开展提供参考依据。【方法】以白茶精加工过程(筛分、风选、色选、摩擦静电拣剔、匀堆和复火)为研究对象,距设备不同距离(0和1.2 m)处设置采集点,进行加工全过程动态监测,分析精加工各工序间茶尘积累速率、主要产尘点及茶尘浓度变化规律的差异;开展设备改进和除尘器配置等针对性的除尘措施,分析除尘措施开展后的除尘效果。【结果】圆筛机、匀堆机和烘干机附近茶尘积累较快,0 m处的积累速率分别为7.27、4.54和7.25 g/(m2·h),1.2 m处的积累速率分别为5.99、4.15和1.83 g/(m2·h)。加工设备上下料工艺点茶尘浓度明显高于左右侧,是精加工过程茶尘浓度积累的主要部位。加工开始初期1 h,加工设备附近的茶尘浓度迅速增加,而全过程呈先升后降的变化趋势。根据茶尘分布检测结果,采取封闭上料口、配置脉冲除尘器等除尘措施后,茶尘浓度显著下降(P<0.05),圆筛机、匀堆机和烘干机0 m处的PM2.5浓度分别下降61.48%、49.85%和42.03%,PM10浓度分别下降71.66%、64.09%和54.67%;车间内PM2.5浓度从82.75μg/m3降至55.50μg/m3,下降32.93%,PM10浓度从247.25μg/m3降至136.25μg/m3,下降44.89%。【结论】圆筛机、匀堆机和烘干机是白茶精加工过程中茶尘产生的主要设备,采取设备改进、除尘器配置等除尘措施能有效控制白茶精加工过程中的茶尘污染,可在白茶企业清洁化精加工中推广应用。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To explore spatial distribution and dynamic change law of tea dust during the process of white tea finishing,so as to provide reference for white tea cleaning and finishing.【Method】White tea finishing processes(sieving,winnowing,color sorting,electrostatic stalk-extracting,homogenization,and second drying)were taken as research objects. Collection points were set at different distances(0 and 1.2 m)from the equipment to conduct dynamic monitoring of the whole process of processing,and differences in the accumulation rate of tea dust,main dust production points,and the variation law of tea dust concentration between the finishing processes were analyzed;targeted dust removal measures such as equipment improvement,dust remover configuration were carried out,and dust removal effect after the implementation of dust removal measure was analyzed.【Result】Tea dust accumulated quickly near the round sifter,screener and dryer. Accumulation rate of tea dust near the round sifter,screener and dryer was 7.27,4.54 and 7.25 g/(m2·h)at 0 m,5.99,4.15 and 1.83 g/(m2·h)at 1.2 m. Tea dust concentration at the loading and unloading process point of the processing equipment was higher than that on the left and right sides,which were the main parts of tea dust concentration accumulation in the finishing process. In 1 h of processing,the concentration of tea dust near the processing equipment increased rapidly,and it showed a trend of increase first and then decrease in the whole process. According to test results of tea dust distribution,after taking dust removal measures such as closing the feeding port and configuring pulse dust remover,tea dust concentration decreased significantly(P<0.05). At 0 m of the round sifter,screener and dryer,PM2.5 concentration decreased by 61.48%,49.85% and 42.03% respectively,and the PM10concentration decreased by 71.66%,64.09% and54.67% respectively;PM2.5concentration in the workshop was from 82.75 μg/m3 to 55.50 μg/m3,decreased by 32.93%,and PM10 concentration increased from 247.25 μg/m3 to 136.25 μg/m3,reduced by 44.89%.【Conclusion】Round sifter,screener and dryer are the main equipment for tea dust generation during the process of white tea finishing. Taking dust removal measures such as equipment improvement and dust remover configuration can effectively control tea dust pollution in the process of white tea finishing,which can be popularized and applied in white tea enterprises' cleaner finishing.

     

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