Abstract: 【Objective】To explore composition and diversity of the rhizosphere fungal communities of rubber trees in different climatic regions,and their correlation with environmental factors,so as to provide theoretical references for efficient plantation management and yield improvement of rubber forests.【Method】Rubber trees in Hainan and Xishuangbanna were taken as research objects. DNA was extracted from rhizosphere soil samples of rubber plantations and species composition,diversity,and main driving factors of rhizosphere fungi were analyzed by high-throughput sequencing technology,and their functions were predicted.【Result】Composition and community structure of rhizosphere fungi were different at phylum level and genus level between Hainan and Xishuangbanna. Relative abundance of Basidiomycota in Xishuangbanna was higher than that in Hainan,but relative abundance of Ascomycota and Mortierellomycota was lower than those in Hainan. Rainfall and ammonium nitrogen(AN)had the highest interpretation rate for the variation of the rhizosphere fungal community composition of rubber trees in Hainan,and available potassium(AK)and total potassium(TK)had the highest interpretation rate for the variation of rhizosphere fungal community composition of rubber trees in Xishuangbanna. Among the dominant phyla,ascomycetes were negatively correlated with soil organic matter(SOM)(P<0.05,the same below),while basidiomycetes were positively correlated with SOM. Mortierellaomycota showed a significant negative correlation with SOM and AK. At the OTU level,the Shannon index of rhizosphere fungi of rubber trees in the Hainan rubber plantation area was higher than that in Xishuangbanna,and the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01);β diversity of rhizosphere fungi of rubber trees in the two areas was not significantly different(P>0.05);γ diversity of rhizosphere fungi of rubber trees in Hainan rubber plantation area was greater. Abundance of Endophyte-litter saprotroph soil saprotroph,Fungal parasite,and Arbuscular mycorrhizal in the rhizosphere fungi of rubber forest in Hainan was significantly higher than that of rhizosphere fungi of rubber forest in Xishuangbanna. 【Conclusion】Physical and chemical properties of soil are the main factors affecting rhizosphere fungi of rubber trees. SOM of Xishuangbanna is higher than that of Hainan,resulting in a higher relative abundance of Basidiomycota and lower Ascomycota in Xishuangbanna,and the AK of Xishuangbanna is also higher than that of Hainan,so the relative abundance of Mortierellomycota in Xishuangbanna is also lower.