Abstract: 【Objective】To study the effect of organic carbon fertilizer supply on growth, yield formation and their economic benefits of sugarcane, so as to provide a reference for the promotion and application of organic carbon fertilizer in sugarcane production.【Method】A field plot experiment was carried out in random block design, and the treatments of 4 different fertilizer application methods were designed:application of 1800 kg/ha organic carbon fertilizer(treatment A), application of 1800 kg/ha carb-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer(treatment B), the application of 900 kg/ha organic carbon fertilizer in combination with 1800 kg/ha sugarcane compound fertilizer(treatment C) and 1800 kg/ha sugarcane compound fertilizer and 750 kg/ha urea(CK). The germination rate, tillering rate, monthly growth rate, plant height, stem diameter, single stem weight, number of millable canes, rate of tillering stem formation and Brix of sugarcane were respectively investigated in each treatment, and their cane yield was measured at the same time. Then the economic benefits of different treatments were calculated through multiple comparative analysis.【Result】Compared with the CK, different fertilization of organic carbon fertilizer treatments had no significant effect on the germination rate of sugarcane(P>0.05), but treatment B and treatment C had significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01, the same below) effects to increase tillering rate and the stalk formation rate, and they could also promote cane stem growth in different degrees. Therefore, compared with that of CK, the results showed that the cane yield of treatment A, treatment B and treatment C increased by 4.0%, 14.9% and 7.5%, respectively. Sucrose content was also significantly higher than CK, increasing by 0.77%-1.20%(absolute value). Economic benefit analysis showed that compared with CK, the agricultural output value and industrial output value of treatment B increased by 30.6% and 23.2%, and the comprehensive economic benefit was the best.【Conclusion】In conclusion, application of organic carbon fertilizer can not only improve the comprehensive performance of agronomic traits related to sugarcane yield, but also increase their yield and sugar content, as well as their economic benefit, then the effect of carb-based organic-inorganic compound fertilizer application is the most significant. Therefore, it is suggested to popularize the application of organic carbon fertilizer in Guangxi sugarcane planting areas with soil organic carbon deficiency.