Abstract: 【Objective】To compare and analyze main phenotypic traits and genetic variations of the local rice germplasm resources of the same name in Yunnan, so as to provide a scientific basis for the conservation, research and utilization of Yunnan local rice germplasm resources.【Method】Taking 133 local rice resources with the same name in Yunnan as test materials, 133 resources were divided into 11 groups and resources of the same name or similar names were categorized into the same group. Thirteen phenotypic traits were investigated and Euclidean distance was calculated according to the traits. And cluster analysis was carried out through unweighted pair groups method average(UPGMA) and SSR markers were used to conduct genetic diversity analysis.【Result】Different degrees of variation was found in 13 phenotypic traits og the 11 groups, with a variation coefficient from 3.74%(grain length in group J) to 82.96%(filled grain number per panicle in group C). Significant(P<0.05) or extremely significant(P<0.01) difference existed in phenotypic traits among the local rice seed resources of the same name in each group. Phenotypic Euclidean distance of 11 groups of local rice resources with the same name was significantly different, and the Euclidean distance from 1.63(G4 and G7) to 10.45 (A5 and A21). When the Euclidean distance was 1.95, 133 local rice resources with the same name could be divided into 8 groups. A total of 395 polymorphic loci were detected from 48 pairs of SSR markers in 133 local rice resources of the same name in Yunnan. The number of polymorphic loci amplified by each marker ranged from 2(RM5622) to 16 (RM2851), with an average of 8.23. In groups, 154 alleles(group K) to 263 alleles(group A) in 11 groups of local rice resources with the same name were detected through 48 pairs of SSR markers. The major allele frequency, gene diversity index and polymorphism information content(PIC) of 48 pairs of SSR markers were significantly different. The major allele frequency was 0.1617-0.7970, with an average of 0.3332, the gene diversity index was 0.3562-0.9054, with an average of 0.7704, and the PIC was 0.3388-0.8977, with an average of 0.7419. SSR genetic similarity coefficients among 11 groups of local rice resources with the same name varied greatly, ranging from 0.4545 to 0.9040. At the genetic similarity coefficients of 0.1400, 133 resources could be divided into 7 groups.【Conclusion】Local rice resources of the same name in Yunnan are diverse. Phenotypic traits and SSR molecular markers showed that there are no duplicate resources in the 11 groups of 133 resources. The results of the 2 identification methods are matched somehow, but different at the same time. The markers used have high polymorphism, with the function of distinguishing local rice resources of the same name in Yunnan, which can be used to detect rice resources in Yunnan.