Abstract: 【Objective】 To analyze spatiotemporal change of rice production and trade in the world’ s major rice producing areas and major producing countries，so as to provide an important reference for China’ s rice production and food security.【Method】 Based on the FAO statistical database，the data of world rice production，import and export from 1961 to 2019 was selected to analyze development history，production area distribution，planting area，import and export of global rice production.And advantage index was used to analyze the gap between China and other major rice producing countries in rice production.【Result】From 1961 to 2019，the global total rice yield and harvest area increased year by year but Asia had always been the global rice production and trade Center.Among them，East Asia，South Asia and Southeast Asia were the main rice producing areas in Asia，accounting for 36.9%，29.8% and 24.0% of the global total rice yield respectively.Although the total rice production in China and India accounted for more than 50% of the world，the rice planting area in China had decreased year by year in recent years since 1980，while that in India had increased year by year.At the same time，the rice harvest area in Africa increased year by year from 2.777 million ha in 1961 to 17.111 million ha in 2019.The import and export trade volume of global rice was increasing continuously.The global rice trade volume in 2019 was nearly 6 times higher than that in 1961.Among them，India，Thailand，Vietnam and Pakistan were the largest rice exporters in the world.China and some African countries were the main rice importers in the world，and the import demand had increased sharply.China had changed from a net exporter of rice to a net importer.【Suggestion】 Balance rice planting area，improve farmland quality and utilize cultivated land resources sustainably.Policy support for rice production shall be increase to protect farmers’enthusiasm for planting grains.Structural reforms on supply side shall be promoted to improve rice quality and market competitiveness.