设施土壤灭菌与摩西球囊霉对黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响

Effects of greenhouse soil sterilization and Glomus mosseae on growth and nutrients absorption of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedlings

  • 摘要: 【目的】研究摩西球囊霉(Glomus mosseae)与设施连作土壤灭菌处理对黄瓜幼苗生长及养分吸收的影响,以明确该真菌在缓解黄瓜连作障碍中的潜力。【方法】以津春3号黄瓜为试验品种,在日光温室进行盆钵培养试验,设置连作土壤处理和摩西球囊霉两因素,完全方案设计,土壤处理设灭菌与未灭菌2个水平,摩西球囊霉设接种与未接种2个水平,测定幼苗生长参数及地上部全氮、全磷与全钾含量及菌根侵染率等。【结果】土壤灭菌处理可显著促进黄瓜幼苗根系的生长,不接种摩西球囊霉条件下,灭菌土上幼苗的根系活力与干重均显著高于相应的土壤未灭菌处理(P<0.05,下同),且土壤灭菌处理与摩西球囊霉具有协同效应,土壤灭菌条件下接种摩西球囊霉的黄瓜幼苗地上部干重、根系干重及叶面积均显著高于其他处理;灭菌土上摩西球囊霉对幼苗生长的促进作用不仅与地上部营养水平的改善有关,也与灭菌后土壤速效养分含量的显著增加有关。一方面,灭菌处理条件下的菌根效应达31.4%;灭菌土上菌根化幼苗地上部全氮、全磷和全钾含量分别是相应不接种摩西球囊霉处理的1.18、1.33和1.31倍,摩西球囊霉对氮、磷和钾吸收的贡献率均高于40.0%;另一方面,土壤经高温灭菌处理后,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量均明显增加,且显著高于未灭菌处理,灭菌土壤的碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别是灭菌前的1.28、1.31和1.52倍,土壤pH也有所上升。【结论】高温灭菌可明显提高土壤碱解氮、速效磷与速效钾水平;同时,于高温灭菌的设施连作土壤上接种摩西球囊霉可显著促进津春3号黄瓜幼苗的生长及氮磷钾养分吸收。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate effects of Glomus mosseae and continuous cropping soil sterilization on the growth and nutrients absorption of cucumber seedlings,so as to explore the potential of this fungus in alleviating continuous cropping obstacles.【Method】Jinchun No.3 cucumber was taken as tested variety.A pot experiment was carried out in greenhouse,and 2 factors of continuous cropping soil treatment and G.mosseae were designed according to complete solution to set 4 treatments.For the soil treatments,two levels,sterilization and no sterilization were set.For G.mosseae at nursery stage,two levels,inoculation and no inoculation with G.mosseae,were set.Growth parameters of seedlings,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium and mycorrhizal infection rate of above-ground parts and other indicators were determined.【Result】Soil sterilization could significantly promote the root growth of cucumber seedlings: When cucumber seedlings were not inoculated with G.mosseae,root vigor and dry weight of seedlings grown on sterilized soil were significantly higher than those of seedlings grown on unsterilized soil(P<0.05,the same below).Meanwhile,soil sterilization and G.mosseae had synergistic effect:Under condition of unsterilized soi,dry weight of above-ground part,root dry weight and leaf area of cucumber seedlings inoculated with G.mosseae were obviously higher than those of other treatments.Seedling growth was promoted by G.mosseae on sterilized soil,and such result was not only related to the nutrition improvement in above-ground parts,but also related to the significant increase of available nutrient content in sterilized soil.For one,after soil sterilization,the mycorrhizal effect reached 31.4% and total nitrogen,total phosphorus and total potassium in above-ground parts of mycorrhizal seedlings were 1.18,1.33 and 1.31 times higher than those of seedlings that were not inoculated with G.mosseae.Moreover,G.mosseae contributed more than 40.0% to nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption.For another,contents of alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium significantly increased after the soil sterilization;alkaline hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents were significantly higher than those of unsterilized treatments;alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents of sterilized soil were respectively 1.28 times,1.31 times and 1.52 times of unsterilized treatments and pH increased at the same time.【Conclusion】 Alkali-hydrolysable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents can be significantly increased by high temperature sterilization.Furthermore,the growth and nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium absorption of Jinchun No.3 cucumber seedlings can be promoted by inoculating with G.mosseae on the sterilized continuous cropping soil.

     

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