贞丰野生茶树叶表特征及解剖结构分析

Leaf surface characteristics and anatomical structure analysis of Zhenfeng wild tea trees

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析贵州贞丰野生茶树资源代表性绿芽和紫芽株系的生理特征,为筛选综合抗性强、内含物质丰富的贵州野生茶树群体种资源提供参考。【方法】以福鼎大白茶和龙井43号为对照,观测野生茶树芽宽、叶面积、上表皮厚度、海绵组织厚度和主脉厚度等22项形态学特征和叶片解剖结构指标,评价野生茶树紫芽、绿芽株系的遗传多样性、综合抗性和内含物质。【结果】贞丰野生茶树芽头肥壮、茸毛密度大;叶面积为40.27~52.87 cm2,为大叶种,叶色多样,包含紫色、紫绿色和深绿色,叶质柔软有光泽;节间最长可达5.14 cm ,叶脉对数介于10~12。贞丰野生茶树与抗性和内含物质相关的代表性指标主脉厚度为704.71~740.02 μm、上表皮厚度为20.33~21.72 μm、芽宽为0.30~0.36 cm、海绵组织厚度为81.05~84.31 μm,这些代表性指标值均大于栽培型茶树品种。主成分分析结果表明,贞丰野生茶树绿芽株系与紫芽株系遗传距离近,与栽培型茶树遗传距离较远。隶属函数值法分析结果表明,抗性和内含物质代表指标的隶属函数平均值排序均为绿芽株系>紫芽株系>福鼎大白茶>龙井43号,野生茶树绿芽株系综合抗性指数和内含物质指数分别为0.4743和0.4599,紫芽株系综合抗性指数和内含物质指数分别为0.4618和0.4325,均高于栽培型茶树。【结论】贞丰野生茶树综合抗性、内含物质和适制性优于国家级良种福鼎大白茶和龙井43号。绿芽株系综合性状优于紫芽株系,可作为茶树新品种选育或遗传改良的优质种质材料。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To analyze physiological characteristics of representative wild tea resources lines(green bud line and purple bud line)in Zhenfeng County,Guizhou province,so as to provide references for screening Guizhou wild tea population resources with comprehensive resistance and abundant substance.【Method】Taking Fuding-dabaicha and Longjing 43 as controls,twenty-two morphological characteristics and leaf anatomical structure indexes,including bud width,leaf area,upper epidermis thickness,spongy tissue thickness and main vein thickness were measured to access genetic diversity,comprehensive resistance and internal subsistance of purple-bud tea tree lines and green-bud tea tree lines comprehensive resistance.【Result】 Zhenfeng wild tea trees had plump buds,dense trichomes.It was a large leaf tea variety with a leaf surface areas between 40.27-52.87 cm2,multiple leaf colors,including purple,purple-green and deep green and its leaves were soft with lustre.The internode was as long as 5.14 cm,and numbers of leaf veins were between 10 and 12.The representative indexes of Zhenfeng wild tea tree related to resistance and internal subsistence were:the main vein thickness of leaves was 704.71-740.02 μm;the upper epidermis thickness was 20.33-21.72 μm;the bud width was 0.30-0.36 cm;spongy tissue thickness was 81.05-84.31 μm.Such representative indexes of Zhenfeng wild tea trees were obviously higher than that of cultivated tea trees in control groups.Principal component analysis showed the genetic distance between Zhenfeng wild tea trees and green-bud,purple-bud lines was closer and genetic distance between Zhenfeng wild tea trees and cultivated tea trees was longer.Membership function analysis showed that the order of the mean membership function value was: Green bud line>purple bud line>Fuding-dabaicha>Longjing 43.The indexes of comprehensive resistance and components of green-bud line were 0.4743 and 0.4599,and were 0.4618 and 0.4325 of the purple-bud line,respectively,which were higher than those of controls.【Conclusion】Comprehensive resistance,internal subsistance and adaptability of Zhenfeng wild tea trees are better than those of Fuding Dabaicha and Longjing 43.Comprehensive quality of green-bud line is better than purple-bud line,indicating that green-bud line can be taken as high-quality material of new variety breeding and genetic improvement.

     

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