烟秆炭基肥对烤烟生长和品质的影响

Effects of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer on growth and quality of flue-cured tobacco

  • 摘要: 【目的】探究烟秆炭基肥对烤烟生长发育及品质提升的影响,以期为烤烟增产提质及烟秆炭基肥的推广应用提供科学依据。【方法】通过田间微区试验,设5个处理:不施肥(CK)、烟草专用肥(F)、低量(525 kg/ha)烟秆炭基肥(LBF)、中量(1050 kg/ha)烟秆炭基肥(MBF)和高量(1575 kg/ha)烟秆炭基肥(HBF)。烟叶旺长期和成熟期测定并分析烤烟生长和品质指标。【结果】施用烟秆炭基肥可提高肥料农学利用率,促进烤烟生长并提高生物量,同等氮磷钾养分水平下,MBF处理根、茎、叶干物质重量均高于F处理。施用烟秆炭基肥还能提高烤烟叶绿素及总糖、还原糖、烟碱、钾和总氮含量,降低氯含量。同等氮磷钾养分水平下,MBF处理烤烟总糖含量较F处理显著提高7.70%(P<0.05),还原糖、烟碱、钾和氯含量无显著差异(P>0.05)。不同处理的烤烟产量总体表现为HBF>MBF>F>LBF>CK,中上等烟及上等烟比例均表现为MBF>HBF>F>LBF>CK,相同氮磷钾养分水平下,MBF处理在产量、均价、产值及经济效益上均显著高于F处理。【结论】施用烟秆炭基肥均能促进烤烟生长,改善烟叶化学成分协调性,提高烤烟经济效益,其中以中量烟秆炭基肥处理(1050 kg/ha)综合表现最优,值得推广。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To investigate effects of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer on tobacco growth,development and quality improvement,so as to provide scientific guidance for promotion and application of biochar-based fertilizer,yield and quality improvement of flue-cured tobacco.【Method】 Five treatments were set through field micro-plot trials: no fertilizer(CK),tobacco fertilizer(F),low amount(525 kg/ha)of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer(LBF),medium amount(1050 kg/ha)of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer(MBF)and high amount(1575 kg/ha)of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer(HBF).The growth and quality indexes of flue-cured tobacco leaves were measured and analyzed in the vigorous growth period and mature period.【Result】Applying tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer could improve the agronomic utilization rate of fertilizer,promote the growth and biomass of flue-cured tobacco.Under the same nitrogen(N),phosphorous(P)and potassium(K)nutrient level,dry matter weight of root,stem and leaf in MBF treatment were higher than those in F treatment.By applying tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer,contents of chlorophyll,total sugar,reducing sugar,nicotine,potassium and total nitrogen of flue-cured tobacco could be increased,and chlorine content could be decreased.Under the same NPK nutrient level,the contents of total sugar in MBF treatment were significantly increased by 7.70%(P<0.05)compared with F treatment,respectively,while the contents of reducing sugar,nicotine,potassium and chlorine were not significantly different(P>0.05).Overall yield of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments was HBF>MBF>F>LBF>CK,and the proportions of medium and superior tobacco and superior tobacco were MBF> HBF>F>LBF>CK.Under the same NPK nutrient level,the yield,average price,output value and economic benefit of MBF treatment were significantly higher than those of F treatment.【Conclusion】 Applying tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer can promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco,coordinate chemical components of tobacco leaves,and improve the economic benefits of flue-cured tobacco,among which medium amount of tobacco stem biochar-based fertilizer(1050 kg/ha)leads to the best comprehensive performance,and is worth popularization.

     

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