不同能源类型密集烤房烘烤性能与应用效果分析

Analysis of curing performance and application effect of bulk curing barns using different types of energy

  • 摘要: 【目的】探索不同能源类型密集烤房烘烤性能与应用效果,为烟叶绿色烘烤、节能减排和提质增效提供理论依据。【方法】以燃煤密集烤房为对照(CK),对比分析内置式生物质加热新能源密集烤房(T1)和空气源热泵+太阳能辅助加热新能源密集烤房(T2)设备成本、运行参数、故障发生次数、烤房烘烤性能、能耗用工、烘烤过程中污染物排放量,以及烤后烟叶经济性状和综合品质(颜色、柔软度、化学成分和感官质量)的差异。【结果】与CK相比,T1处理生物质烤房设备成本居中,烘烤性能较佳,T2处理烤房设备及改造成本最高,升温稳温相对较慢;同时T1和T2处理烤房设备发生故障次数相对较少。不同能源类型密集烤房能耗用工烘烤成本排序为: CK(2.63元/kg) >T1处理(2.32元/kg) >T2处理(1.19元/kg),且不同处理间差异显著(P<0.05,下同)。烘烤过程中不同温度点CK总污染物(烟尘+SO2+NOX+NO)平均排放量是T1处理的4.34倍,其中在42、54和67℃时分别是T1处理的7.74、3.46和3.28倍;而T2处理烤房以电能和太阳能作为能源,烘烤过程中污染物排放量忽略不计。T1处理烤后烟叶的上等烟比例、橘黄烟比例和均价最高,杂色烟和级外烟(烘烤损失)比例最低,且T1处理上等烟比例显著高于CK和T2处理,分别提高8.01%和16.05%。CK和T1处理烤后烟叶颜色参数L值显著大于T2处理,增幅分别为7.22%和6.32%,且b值较大,即CK和T1处理烤后烟叶亮度和黄色色彩较浓; CK烤后烟叶颜色参数a值(10.64)显著小于T2处理(12.73),即T2处理烤后烟叶橘色色彩较浓。T1和T2处理烤后烟叶柔软性较好,其柔软度值显著小于CK,分别是CK的73.01%和52.08%。与CK相比,T1处理烤后烟叶化学成分协调性和感官质量评价最佳,T2处理居中。【结论】内置式生物质加热新能源密集烤房烘烤性能与应用效果较好,是当前替代燃煤密集烤房的主要烤房类型之一,在生物质燃料与相关设施配套齐全的地区适宜推广;空气源热泵+太阳能辅助加热新能源密集烤房烤后烟叶橘色色彩浓、柔软性好,生态效益好,是未来烤烟烘烤发展的重要方向。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To explore curing performance and application effect of bulk curing barns using different types of energy,so as to provide theoretical basis for green curing,energy saving,emission reduction,quality improvement and efficiency improvement of tobacco leaves.【Method】Taking bulk curing barn of coal-fired heating as control(CK),equipment cost,operation parameters,malfunction occurrence,curing performance,energy and labor consumption,pollutant emission during curing,the differences of economically relevant traits and comprehensive quality(color,softness,chemical composition and sensory quality)difference of flue-cured tobacco leaves were compared and analyzed in built-in new energy bulk curing barn using biomass heating of Treatment 1(T1)and new energy bulk curing barn using air source heat pump+solar heating assistance of Treatment 2(T2).【Result】Compared with CK,biomass barn in T1 had moderate equipment cost and better curing performance,while T2 cost the highest in terms of barn equipment and transformation with slower heating rate and temperature stabilization.Barn equipment malfunction of T1 and T2 occurred less.The order of curing energy and labor consumption cost of bulk curing barn using different types of energy was: CK(2.63 yuan/kg)> T1(2.32 yuan/kg)>T2(1.19 yuan/kg),and significant difference was found between treatments(P<0.05,the same below).Average of total pollutant emission(dust+SO2+NOX+NO)in CK at different temperatures during curing was 4.34 times higher than that of T1,while the averages at 42,54 and 67℃ were 7.74,3.46 and 3.28 times higher than that of T1.T2 in which barn used electric and solar energy emitted a negligible amount of pollutant emission during curing.Proportions of high-class tobacco,orange-yellow tobacco and average price of orange-yellow tobacco leaves in T1 were the highest;proportions of variegated tobacco and tobacco leaves out of grade(curing loss)were the lowest than that of CK and T2;moreover,the proportion of high-class tobacco in T1 was significantly higher than that of CK and T2,increased by 8.01% and 16.05%,respectively.L value,a color parameter of flue-cured tobacco leaves,of CK and T1 treatment was significantly higher than that of T2 treatment,increased by 7.22% and 6.32% respectively;and their b values were higher too,showing that flue-cured tobacco leaves of CK and T1 were brighter and yellower;a value,a color parameter,of fluecured tobacco leaves of CK(10.64)was significantly lower than that of T2(12.73),indicating that T2 imposed stronger orange color on tobacco leaves.Softness of flue-cured tobacco leaves of T1 and T2 was better,and their softness values were 73.01% and 52.08% of CK,significantly lower than that of CK.Compared with CK,flue-cured tobacco leaves of T1 was the best in chemical composition coordination and sensory quality evaluation,while such indocators T2 treatment were moderate.【Conclusion】The built-in new energy bulk curing barn using biomass heating has good curing performance and application effect,so it is one of the main replacements of bulk curing barn of coal-fired heating at present,and it is suitable to be popularized in the areas with fully equipped biomass fuel and related facilities.The flue-cured tobacco leaves have strong orange color,good softness and ecological benefit in new energy bulk curing barn using air source heat pump+solar heating assistance,pointing out an important direction of flue-cured tobacco curing in the future.

     

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