间作对玉米根系形态特征及其氮磷养分吸收的影响

Effects of maize and soybean intercrop on maize root morphological traits and its nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption

  • 摘要: 【目的】探索间作种植模式中玉米根系形态的变化与玉米氮磷养分吸收的关系,为玉米间作体系氮磷养分的优化管理提供理论依据。【方法】通过玉米/大豆间作田间试验,设玉米单作与玉米/大豆间作2种种植方式,对玉米根长、根表面积、根体积、平均根直径及根尖数5个指标进行定量分析,并测定植株全磷和全氮含量,计算植株氮磷吸收量。【结果】在小喇叭口期、抽雄期与成熟期,与单作玉米相比,间作可促进玉米生长,玉米籽粒产量显著提高35.10%(P<0.05,下同)。间作玉米单株氮含量在抽雄期显著提高10.54%,磷含量在小喇叭口期和成熟期分别显著提高12.81%和12.10%。在3个生育期,间作玉米单株氮吸收量和磷吸收量分别显著增加78.71%、26.06%、39.26%和88.15%、23.02%、46.42%。间作玉米根长在3个生育期分别显著增加23.90%、14.91%和27.49%,根表面积和根体积在抽雄期与成熟期分别显著增加18.41%、21.46%和33.39%、31.11%,根尖数在小喇叭口期与抽雄期分别显著增加15.11%和14.72%,而平均根直径无显著变化(P>0.05)。相关分析和逐步回归分析结果显示,玉米氮磷养分吸收与根系形态参数密切相关,根长和根干重对玉米植株氮吸收量影响最大,根体积与根干重对玉米磷吸收量影响最大。【结论】与单作玉米相比,间作可增加玉米根长、根表面积、根体积和根尖数,降低平均根直径,并显著提高玉米植株氮磷养分吸收量。根系形态变化是驱动间作玉米氮磷吸收增加的重要适应机制之一。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the changes of maize root morphology and its corresponding relationship with absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient in maize intercrop,so as to provide a theoretical basis for the optimal management of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption in maize intercrop system.【Method】A field trial of maize and soybean intercrop was conducted,with two cropping systems,maize monocrop and maize and soybean intercropping set to operate a quantitative analysis on 5 indexes of maize root morphology,root length,root surface area,root volume,average root diameter and root tip number,and to determine the contents of total phosphorus and nitrogen and calculated how much nitrogen and phosphorus were absorbed in plants.【Conclusion】At the belling,tasseling and maturing stages,compared to the monocropped maize,the intercropping maize could promote the growth of maize and significantly increase the grain yield by 35.10%(P<0.05,the same below). The nitrogen content of intercropped maize significantly increased by 10.54% at tasseling stage,and the phosphorus content significantly increased by 12.81% and 12.10% at belling and maturing stages compared to monocropped maize,respectively. At the three growth stages,the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption per plant of intercropped maize increased significantly by 78.71%,26.06%,39.26% and 88.15%,23.02%, 46.42% respectively. Compared with monocropped maize,the root length of intercropped maize increased significantly by 23.90%,14.91% and 27.49% at the three growth stages,the root surface area and root volume increased significantly by 18.41%,21.46% and 33.39%,31.11% at the tasseling and maturing stages,and the number of root tips increased significantly by 15.11% and 14.72% at the belling and tasseling stages,respectively,while the average root diameter without significant variation(P>0.05). Correlation analysis and stepwise regression analysis results showed that maize nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption was closely correlated with root morphological parameters. Root length and root dry weight had the biggest influence on maize plant nitrogen absorption while root volume and root dry weight had the biggest influence on maize phosphorus absorption.【Conclusion】Compared to maize monocrop,intercrop can increase maize root length, root surface area, root volume,and root tip number,decrease average root diameter and significantly increase maize plant nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient absorption. The root morphological changes are one of important adaptive mechanisms driving the increase in nitrogen and phosphorus absorption in intercropped maize.

     

/

返回文章
返回