2个香蕉品种在广西产区的氮磷钾养分累积与分配特点

Accumulation and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient in two banana varieties in production areas in Guangxi

  • 摘要: 【目的】探讨广西产区桂蕉6号和宝岛蕉的氮磷钾养分累积吸收规律与分配特点,为香蕉科学合理施肥提供可靠的理论依据。【方法】在常规统一足量施肥条件下,采用植株营养诊断法研究2个香蕉品种不同生长阶段氮磷钾养分在根、球茎、假茎、叶、果轴和果实6个器官中的含量与累积量,并利用Logistic模型对氮磷钾吸收规律变化进行拟合。【结果】2个香蕉品种营养特征较一致,现蕾前叶和假茎是香蕉吸收累积氮磷钾的主要器官,果实发育阶段养分在叶片中累积降低,在果实中分配则明显提高,不同生长阶段同一器官中的养分累积量由高到低均表现为钾>氮>磷。品种间养分累积量存在差异,旺盛生长期至抽蕾期,宝岛蕉整株养分累积量较桂蕉6号累积量增长28.15%,氮磷钾累积量分别增长34.12%、91.15%和23.16%;2个品种各生长阶段氮磷钾养分(N、P2O5、K2O)的比例分别为1.00∶(0.06~0.28)∶(1.01~2.83)和1.00∶(0.08~0.26)∶(1.29~2.48),各生长阶段间氮磷钾需求量并不均衡。移栽前3个月养分累积量较少,进入旺盛生长期后养分累积量随着生长发育呈上升趋势,至抽蕾期达最高值,而后略有降低,氮磷钾累积曲线呈S形。【结论】宝岛蕉对氮磷钾营养的需求量均较桂蕉6号更大,其整个生育期间均需特别增加钾、氮肥的施用,果实发育期应及时补充磷素营养,保证体内一定的养分累积水平。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the accumulation and distribution of nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P)and potassium (K)nutrient of two banana varieties,Guijiao 6 and Baodao,so as to provide reliable theoretical basis for the production and scientific fertilization of banana varietie.【Method】The accumulation and distribution of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in six organs,namely roots,corms,pseudostems,leaves,fruit axes and fruit organs of two banana varieties at different growth stages were studied by plant nutrition diagnosis under the condition of sufficient fertilization,and the Logistic model was used to fit the changes of N,P,K absorption.【Result】The nutrient characteristics of the two banana varieties were relatively consistent. The pre-bud leaves and pseudostems were the main organs for banana to absorb and accumulate N,P and K. The nutrient accumulation in the leaves decreased during the fruit development stage,but the distribution in the fruit increased significantly. The order of nutrient accumulation in the same organ at different growth stages was K>N>P from high to low. Differences of nutrient accumulation existed among varieties. From the vigorous growth period to the budding period,the nutrient accumulation of the whole plant of Baodao banana increased by 28.15% compared with that of Guijiao 6,and the accumulation of N,P and K increased by 34.12%,91.15% and 23.16% respectively. The ratio of N,P and K(N,P2O5,K2O)in each growth stage of the two varieties was 1.00∶(0.06-0.28)∶(1.01-2.83)and 1.00∶ (0.08-0.26)∶(1.29-2.48),respectively. The demand for N,P and K was not balanced in each growth stage. The nutrient accumulation was less in the three months before transplanting. After entering the vigorous growth period,the nutrient accumulation increased with the growth and development,reached the highest value at the budding stage,and then decreased slightly. The accumulation curve of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium was S-shaped.【Conclusion】The demand of Baodao banana for N,P and K nutrient is higher than that of Guijiao 6. The application of K fertilizer and N fertilizer should be especially increased throughout the growth period. P nutrient should be supplemented in time during the fruit development period to ensure a certain level of nutrient accumulation in the fruit.

     

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