Effects of chemical flower thinning on fruit quality and total N content in leaves of litchi
-
摘要: 【目的】观察喷施外源乙烯利及荔枝丰产素对荔枝花穗疏剪效果,并分析其对果实品质和叶片全N含量的影响,为科学合理运用乙烯利和荔枝丰产素进行荔枝疏花及优质高产栽培提供理论参考。【方法】采用单因素随机区组试验设计,桂味荔枝始花期树冠喷洒53 mg/L(T1)、106 mg/L(T2)和160 mg/L(T3)的乙烯利水溶液,以及荔枝丰产素水溶液(T4)和清水(T5,对照),测定脱落的花蕾、枝梗和果实数量,测定果实品质和叶片全N含量。【结果】5个处理的花蕾脱落数和枝梗脱落数排序为T3>T2>T1>T4>T5,果实脱落数总数排序为T5>T4>T3>T1>T2。5个处理对单穗重、果粒数、小横径、果形指数和可溶性固形物含量无显著影响(P>0.05,下同),且肉质、风味、香气、涩味、果肉内膜褐色也无明显差异,但对单果重、可食率和种子重有一定的影响,其中单果重排序为T2>T1>T4>T3>T5,T2处理的单果重(19.45 g)比T5处理(13.68 g)增重42%;T1、T2、T3和T4处理(即乙烯利和丰产素处理)可食率为78%~79%,焦核率为97%~99%,分别较T5处理(清水处理)提高30%~32%和31%~34%。5个处理下叶片全N含量无显著差异,全N含量排序为T2>T1>T4>T3>T5。单果重、果皮重、种子重、可食率、焦核率和可溶性固形物含量与叶片全N含量的相关系数分别为0.886、0.851、0.898、0.739、0.740和-0.947,其中单果重和种子重均与叶片全N含量呈显著正相关(P<0.05,下同);可溶性固形物含量与叶片全N含量呈显著负相关。【结论】乙烯利和荔枝丰产素能对桂味荔枝进行花穗疏剪,且乙烯利一次性喷施浓度106 mg/L能起到最佳控花穗的效果,有效实现省工省力增产的目的,可用于实际生产。Abstract: 【Objective】To observe effects of spraying exogenous ethephon and litchi high yield reagent on litchi flower thinning and to analyze its influence on fruit quality and leaf total N content,so as to provide theoretical reference for scientific and appropriate use of ethephon and litchi high yield reagent in litchi flower thinning and high quality and high yield cultivation.【Method】A single-factor randomized group test design was adopted. Spraying 53 mg/L(T1),106 mg/L(T2),160 mg/L(T3)of ethephon solution and litchi high yield reagent solution(T4)and water(T5)as control on the Guiwei litchi tree crown at initial flowering stage,respectively. The amount of fallen flower branch stalks,flower buds,flowers,and fallen fruits was recorded. And the fruit quality and total N content of leaves were determined. 【Result】The order of the number of fallen buds and flower branch stalks in the 5 treatments was T3>T2>T1>T4>T5,and the order of the number of fallen fruits was T5>T4>T3>T1>T2. No significant effects of the 5 treatments on single panicle fruit weight,fruit number,small diameter,fruit shape index and soluble solid content(P>0.05,the same below) were found. Moreover,no significant difference between the treatment groups and the control was found in pulp texture, flavor,aroma,astringency and brown degree of pulp intine. But spraying exogenous ethephon and litchi high yield reagent could affect the single fruit weight,edible rate and seed weight. The order of single fruit weight was T2>T1>T4> T3>T5,the maximum single fruit weight was 19.45 g,which was 42% increased than the minimum of 13.68 g. In T1, T2,T3 and T4 treatment groups,the edible rate ranged from 78% to 79% which was 30%-32% higher than control;the wilted-seed rate ranged form 97% to 99% which was 31%-34% higher than T5(water treatment group). The order of total N content of leaves was T2>T1>T4>T3>T5,however,there was not significant difference between the 5 treatment groups and control. The correlation coefficient of single fruit weight,peel weight,seed weight,edible rate,wilted-seed rate,soluble solid substance content and total N content was 0.886,0.851,0.898,0.739,0.740 and -0.947,respectively. The single fruit and seed weight was significantly positive correlated with total N content(P<0.05,the same below),and the soluble solid substance content was significantly negative correlated with total N content.【Conclusion】The application of ethephon and litchi high yield reagent can help Guiwei litchi flower thinning and the ethephon concentration of 106 mg/L has the best effect of controlling flower cluster,therefore,it can be used for litchi production,which is beneficial for saving labor and increasing production.
-
-
曹晓云,杜国栋,汪晓谦,刘维成,吕德国.2021.不同化学药剂对'南果梨'的疏果效应研究[J].中国果树,(5):48-51.[Cao X Y,Du G D,Wang X Q,Liu W C,LüD G.2021.Study on fruit thinning effect of different chemicals on'Nanguoli'pear[J].China Fruits,(5):48-51].doi: 10.16626/j.cnki.issn1000-8047.2021.05.009. 陈国帅,陈艳艳,罗红卫,陆贵锋,卢美英,彭宏祥,朱建华,黄川.2017.不同花穗疏剪方法对桂味荔枝花果发育的影响[J].中国热带农业,(1):65-68.[Chen G S,Chen Y Y,Luo H W,Lu G F,Lu M Y,Peng H X,Zhu J H,Huang C.2017.Effects of different flower cluster thinning methods on Guiwei litchi flower and fruit development[J].Chinese Tropical Agriculture,(1):65-68.]doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0658.2017.01.015. 陈龙安.2020.化学药剂所产生的杨桃疏花疏果效应[J].种子科技,38(1):102.[Chen L A.2020.Effects of flower and fruit thinning by chemical agents on carambola[J].Seed Science and Technology,38(1):102.] 陈品品.2011.荔枝(Litchi chinensis Sonn.)花性别分化的蛋白质组学分析[D].福州:福建农林大学.[Chen P P.2011.Proteomic analysis of flower sex-differentiation in Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University.] 陈艳艳,陈国帅,罗红卫,陆贵锋,卢美英,彭宏祥,朱建华,黄川.2017.不同时期修剪花穗对桂味荔枝花果发育的影响[J].中国南方果树,46(4):47-48.[Chen Y Y,Chen G S,Luo H W,Lu G F,Lu M Y,Peng H X,Zhu J H,Huang C.2017.Effects of floral cluster thinning at different stages on Guiwei litchi flower and fruit development[J].South China Fruits,46(4):47-48.]doi: 10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20160645. 邓钊,王清廉,杨欢,张福琼,刘永忠,彭抒昂.2018.椪柑省力化疏花疏果研究[J].华中农业大学学报,37(4):45-49.[Deng Z,Wang Q L,Yang H,Zhang F Q,Liu Y Z,Peng S A.2018.Labor-saving flower and fruit thinning practices in Ponkan[J].Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University,37(4):45-49.]doi: 10.13300/j.cnki.hnlkxb.2018.04.007. 樊小林,黄彩龙,Juhani U,Danny D.2004.荔枝年生长周期内N、P、K营养动态规律与施肥管理体系[J].果树学报,(6):548-551.[Fan X L,Huang C L,Juhani U,Danny D.2004.N,P,K nutrition dynamics of litchi during the annual growth cycle[J].Journal of Fruit Science,(6):548-551.] 郭仰楚,戴良昭.1993.荔枝化学调控对树体营养与产量的影响[J].福建果树,(3):9-12.[Guo Y C,Dai L Z.1993.Effect of chemical regulation on tree nutrition and yield of litchi[J].Fujian Fruit Tree,(3):9-12.] 何雪菲,马泽跃,玉素甫江·玉素音,黄战,张曦瑜,柴仲平.2021.碳、氮含量及比值与库尔勒香梨产量的相关性[J].果树学报,38(5):702-713.[He X F,Ma Z Y,Yu sufujiang·Yu S Y,Huang Z,Zhang X Y,Chai Z P.2021.Correlation between the contents of carbon and nitrogen and ratio of C/N and the yield of Kuerlexiangli pear[J].Journal of Fruit Trees,38(5):702-713.]doi: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20200315. 侯延杰,秦献泉,邱宏业,李冬波,徐宁,张树伟,朱建华,彭宏祥,李鸿莉.2019.疏花对无核荔枝果实和树体营养的影响[J].中国南方果树,48(5):52-55.[Hou Y J,Qin X Q,Qiu H Y,Li D B,Xu N,Zhang S W,Zhu J H,Peng H X,Li H L.2019.Effects of flower thinning on nutrition of fruits and tree of seedless litchi[J].South China Fruits,48(5):52-55.]doi: 10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20180715. 胡彩旗,孙传海,纪晶.2015.果树机械疏花机执行机构性能试验研究与分析[J].中国农机化学报,36(5):24-28.[Hu C Q,Sun C H,Ji J.2015.Performance experiment and analysis on mechanical thinning flower actuator[J].Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization,36(5):24-28.]doi: 10.13733/j.jcam.issn.2095-5553.2015.05.007. 华敏,郭利军,邓会栋,冯学杰,陈黎明.2020.'贵妃芒'机械疏花与化学疏果技术研究[J].中国热带农业,95(4):74-78.[Hua M,Guo L J,Deng H D,Feng X J,Chen L M.2020.Study on flower thinning and chemical fruit thinning technology of'Guifei mango'[J].China Tropical Agriculture,95(4):76-78.]doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-0658.2020.04.015. 康利允,李晓慧,高宁宁,梁慎,常高正,李海伦,王慧颖,徐小利,赵卫星.2021.不同铵硝配比对甜瓜叶片生理特性及产量、品质的影响[J].果树学报,38(5):760-770.[Kang L Y,Li X H,Gao N N,Liang S,Chang G Z,Li H L,Wang H Y,Xu X L,Zhao W X.2021.Effects of different ammonium/nitrate ratios on leaf physiological characteristics,yield and quality in muskmelon[J].Journal of Fruit Science,38(5):760-770.]doi:10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.2020 0501. 李君,陆华忠,杨洲,郑顺源.2013.荔枝柔性疏花器设计与试验研究[J].华南农业大学学报,34(3):431-435.[Li J,Lu H Z,Yang Z,Zheng S Y.2013.Design and experimental study of litchi flexible thinning mechanism[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,34(3):431-435.] 刘俊灵,郝贝贝,刘一寰,李红光,韩立新.2021.不同浓度化学疏花剂对苹果疏花的效果[J].河北果树,(1):11-12.[Liu J L,Hao B B,Liu Y H,Li H G,Han L X.2021.Effects of different concentrations of chemical agents on apple flower thinning[J].Hebei Fruit Tree,(1):11-12.]doi: 10.19440/j.cnki.1006-9402.2021.01.007. 卢蒙蒙,江珊,张国浩,邹养军.2021.苹果化学疏花疏果技术研究进展[J].中国果树,(4):4-7.[Lu M M,Jiang S,Zhang G H,Zou Y J.2021.Research progress on chemical flower and fruit thinning technology of apple[J].China Fruits,(4):4-7.]doi: 10.16626/j.cnki.issn1000-8047.2021.04.002. 罗剑斌,何凤,王祥和,胡福初,王泽槐,李建国.2019.一疏二控三割控穗疏花技术提高"妃子笑"荔枝产量的生理原因分析[J].中国南方果树,48(1):20-24.[Luo J B,He F,Wang X H,Hu F C,Wang Z H,Li J G.2019.Analyzing the physiological causes of the chemical combined with hand and machine flower-thinning technique to increase Feizixiao litchi yield[J].South China Fruits,48(1):20-24.]doi: 10.13938/j.issn.1007-1431.20180126. 尚霄丽.2020.不同化学疏花剂对桃坐果率和果实品质的影响[J].经济林研究,38(2):222-227.[Shang X L.2020.Effects of different chemical flower thinning agents on fruit setting rate and fruit quality in peach[J].Non-wood Forestry Research,38(2):222-227.]doi: 10.14067/j.cnki.1003-8981.2020.02.028. 石丝,洪敏,何珊珊,文露,王永清.2018.不同疏花疏果剂对'大五星'枇杷的花果疏除效应[J].基因组学与应用生物学,37(10):4501-4510.[Shi S,Hong M,He S S,Wen L,Wang Y Q.2018.The thinning effect of flower and fruit thinning agent in'Dawuxing'loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.)[J].Genomics and Applied Biology,37(10):4501-4510.]doi: 10.13417/j.gab.037.004501. 孙希生.1999.国外落叶果树化学疏除剂种类及应用[J].北方园艺,(3):40-42.[Sun X S.1999.Types and applications of chemical thinning agents for deciduous fruit trees outside China[J].Northern Horticulture,(3):40-42.] 魏雅君,徐业勇,冯贝贝,李雯雯,王明,杨红丽,牛莹莹,廖康.2017.不同化学疏花剂对杏李果实品质的影响[J].新疆农业科学,54(1):51-59.[Wei Y J,Xu Y Y,Feng B B,Li W W,Wang M,Yang H L,Niu Y Y,Liao K.2017.Effects of different chemical flower thinning agents on the quality of Prunus salicina×armeniaca[J].Xinjiang Agricultural Science,54(1):51-59.]doi: 10.6048/j.issn.1001-4330.2017.01.007. 韦金道,韦龙新.1994.外源激素乙烯利控杀禾荔冬梢和促生短花穗的效应初探[J].广西热作科技,(2):21-24.[Wei J D,Wei L X.1994.A preliminary study on the effects of exogenous ethephon on controlling and killing winter shoots and promoting short flowering panicles of Heli litchi[J].Guangxi Tropical Crop Science and Technology,(2):21-24.] 姚丽贤,周昌敏,何兆桓,李国良,杨苞梅,白翠华.2020.荔枝主栽品种树体营养累积特点及与土壤养分关系[J].华南农业大学学报,41(2):40-47.[Yao L X,Zhou C M,He Z H,Li G L,Yang B M,Bai C H.2020.Nutrient accumulation characteristics of main litchi cultivars and their relationships with soil nutrients[J].Journal of South China Agricultural University,41(2):40-47.]doi: 10.7671/j.issn.1001-411X.201904032. 姚丽贤,周昌敏,何兆桓,李国良,白翠华.2017.荔枝年度枝梢和花果发育养分需求特性[J].植物营养与肥料学报,23(4):1128-1134.[Yao L X,Zhou C M,He Z H,Li G L,Bai C H.2017.Annual nutrient demand for the growth of autumn branch,spica and fruit in litchi[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,23(4):1128-1134.]doi: 10.11674/zwyf.16303. 朱陆伟,周昌敏,白翠华,姚丽贤.2021.荔枝在不同温度和氮素营养条件下的钾、钙和镁吸收动力学特征[J].果树学报,38(4):538-548.[Zhu L W,Zhou C M,Bai C H,Yao L X.2021.Dynamic characteristics of K,Ca and Mg uptake by litchi as affected by temperature and nitrogen form[J].Journal of Fruit Science,38(4):538-548.]doi: 10.13925/j.cnki.gsxb.20200265. 庄丽娟,邱泽慧.2019.印度荔枝产业发展特征与趋势分析[J].中国热带农业,(1):22-25.[Zhuang L J,Qiu Z H.2019.Analysis of the development characteristic and trend of litchi industry in India[J].China Tropical Agriculture,(1):22-25.] Hieke S,Menzel C M,Doogan V J,Lüdders P.2002.The relationship between fruit and leaf growth in lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)[J].Journal of Horticultural Science&Biotechnology,77(3):320-325.doi: 10.1080/14620316.2002.11511500.
Hu X,Yang M,Gong S F,Li H B,Zhang J,Sajjad M,Ma X L,Yuan D Y.2021.Ethylene-regulated immature fruit abscission is associated with higher expression of CoACO genes in Camellia oleifera[J].Royal Society Open Science,8:202340.doi: 10.1098/RSOS.202340.
Rai A C,Halon E,Zemach H,Zviran T,Irihimovitch V.2021.Characterization of Two ethephon-induced IDALike genes from mango,and elucidation of their involvement in regulating organ abscission[J].Genes,12(3):439.doi: 10.3390/genes12030439.
Ray P K,Ruby R.2004.Effect of paclobutrazol on flowering in China litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)[J].Indian Journal of Plant Physiology,9(2):208-211.
-
期刊类型引用(13)
1. 杨璐,杨峰,刘奇颀. 基于GGE双标图的长江中下游中籼迟熟区试品种丰产适应性及抗稻瘟病性评价. 中国农业大学学报. 2024(03): 27-35 . 百度学术
2. 胡南燕,胡永浩,罗屹,武拉平. 农户数字素养提升能降低小麦储存损失吗?. 中国农业大学学报. 2024(04): 1-11 . 百度学术
3. 张苗苗,张文飞,董冰雪,韩雪梅,杨家顶,刘丰瑜. 东寨港红树林沉积物与水体中抗生素抗性基因的组成特征分析. 西南农业学报. 2024(03): 633-640 . 百度学术
4. 叶全洲,梁振伟,刘大存. 基于灰色关联度分析和DTOPSIS法对皖北水稻品种的综合评价. 安徽农业科学. 2024(12): 34-41+49 . 百度学术
5. 孙富,唐梅,卢宏琮,何聪,廖张波. 抗稻瘟病水稻恢复系的分子标记辅助选育及抗性鉴定. 南方农业学报. 2024(04): 1070-1078 . 本站查看
6. 田维逵,董丽英,资鸿强,刘树芳,刘沛,杨勤忠. 6个抗稻瘟病基因在云南省勐海县水稻主栽品种中的分布. 中国农学通报. 2024(20): 130-134 . 百度学术
7. 徐海峰,宫彦龙,朱速松. 不同粳稻资源稻瘟病抗性评价. 耕作与栽培. 2024(05): 30-34 . 百度学术
8. 侯金祥,赵超越,胡继杰,刘守坎,张胜. 早籼稻稻瘟病抗性基因鉴定及抗性评价. 杂交水稻. 2024(06): 18-28 . 百度学术
9. 马军韬,张国民,王永力,邓凌韦,任洋,宫秀杰. 翻耕深度对水稻稻瘟病和纹枯病发生程度的影响. 中国植保导刊. 2024(11): 51-54+70 . 百度学术
10. 邢运高,刘艳,李健,迟铭,杨波,李景芳,王宝祥,徐大勇. 粳糯稻抗稻瘟病基因检测与品种抗性鉴定. 核农学报. 2023(11): 2134-2142 . 百度学术
11. 吴子帅,李虎,陈传华,刘广林,罗群昌,覃孙骞,朱其南. 常规籼稻品种的稻瘟病抗性基因及穗颈瘟抗性分析. 华南农业大学学报. 2023(05): 718-724 . 百度学术
12. 杨好,黄衍焱,易春霖,石军,谭楮湉,任文芮,王文明. 水稻Pi9位点6个稻瘟病抗性基因特异分子标记的开发及应用. 中国农业科学. 2023(21): 4219-4233 . 百度学术
13. 周坤能,夏加发,王元垒,云鹏,张彩娟,马廷臣,张爱芳,李泽福. 安徽省稻瘟病菌生理小种鉴定分析. 南方农业学报. 2022(11): 3098-3106 . 本站查看
其他类型引用(1)
计量
- 文章访问数: 75
- HTML全文浏览量: 2
- PDF下载量: 6
- 被引次数: 14