Abstract: 【Objective】To investigate the composition and diversity of microbial community structure of the casing soil in different growth stages of Hymenopellis raphanipes,and the effect of Trichoderma diseases on microbial communities,so as to provide the theoretical basis for the high and stable yield of the H. raphanipes.【Method】The microbial community structure and diversity in different growth stages(casing stage,pinning stage,harvesting stage,harvesting stage with green mold disease,flush interval stage)of H. raphanipes were analyzed by Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology,while the relationship between microbial community and soil physical-chemical property was studied by environmental factors analysis.【Result】Resultsshowed the total number of operational taxonomic unit(OTUs)in casing soil was 4581,including 3650 of bacteria and 931 of fungi. There were significant differences in the dominant bacterial community in different growing stages,the dominant bacterial genus in casing stage and harvesting stage was Burkholderia.Ralstonia,Cedecea and Chitinophaga were the dominant genus in pinning stage,harvesting stage and flush interval stage,respectively. The most dominant fungal in the first three stages was genus Fusarium,and the remaining stages were genus Trichoderma. In disease stage,the structure of soil microbial community changed greatly,with the number of microorganisms and relative abundance lower than other stage. In harvesting stage,bacteria diversity reached the highest and in the flush interval stage,fungal diversity was the highest. dbRDA analysis showed that the content of available nitrogen(AN)and available phosphorus(AK)in casting soil was significant positive correlated with bacteria at genus level(P<0.05,the same below). Available phosphorus(AP)had significant positive correlation with bacterial communities at genus level. Soil organic matter(SOM)was significantly positively correlated with soil microbial community in casing stage,while AN,AP,AK and pH were positively correlated with soil microbial community in flush interval stage.【Conclusion】The number of soil fungal flora in different growth stages reaches the maximum at harvest time;The number of bacterial flora decreased with the growth of long root mushroom. The occurrence of Trichoderma disease can significantly inhibit the species and abundance of soil microbial flora,and consume a lot of soil nutrient elements and reduce pH.