捕食性天敌叉角厉蝽生长发育、繁殖及各虫态形态特征观察

Development,fecundity and morphological characteristics of the predatory Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)从卵到成虫发育历期及繁殖能力,比较叉角厉蝽各虫态的主要形态鉴别特征,为叉角厉蝽的扩繁及生防潜能开发提供理论支持。【方法】在室内条件下,以云南元江采集并在室内扩繁6代以上的叉角厉蝽为研究对象,在培养皿中采用单头饲养的方法测定叉角厉蝽生长发育指标(卵孵化率、若虫存活率、卵到成虫的发育历期),在饲养盒中雌雄虫配对共培养测定其成虫繁殖力特征。运用显微照相系统比较叉角厉蝽各虫态的主要形态特征。【结果】叉角厉蝽从卵到成虫的平均发育历期为29.00±1.41 d,卵历期为8.00±0.21 d,若虫期为19.76±0.12 d,1~5龄若虫平均发育历期为3.24~5.38 d,卵孵化率为92.91%,若虫存活率为80.21%,雌、雄成虫的平均寿命分别为35.40±1.96和37.40±2.65 d;叉角厉蝽雌成虫交配后,一生平均产卵次数为4.73±2.01次,最多9次,最少2次,平均产卵前期为7.87±2.75 d,产卵期持续14.33±5.13 d,雌成虫与雄成虫交配单次平均产卵量为59.46±15.77粒,未交配雌成虫单次平均产卵量为29.34±15.31粒且为无效卵,最终无法孵化。叉角厉蝽卵为矮杯形或圆筒形,具卵盖,边缘有10~12根刺状精孔突,有金属光泽;1~5龄若虫体色红黑相间,若虫触角4节。1龄若虫触角第2和第3节末端有明显白色环,喙暗红色,接近体长,无翅芽;2龄若虫头部前段扁平突出,触角节间环变为红色,喙黑色;3龄若虫触角第2和第3节末端红色环明显,喙长为体长的一半;4龄若虫喙长为体长的一半,胸部刻点明显,出现翅芽,并延伸至胸部末端;5龄若虫喙暗红色,短于体长一半,中足和后足胫节中部出现白斑,翅芽延伸至腹部第3节;成虫体色黄褐与黑褐混杂相间,密布刻点,触角5节,喙黄褐色,最后一节黑色,喙长短于体长的一半,前胸背板侧角呈剑叉状突出,雄虫腹部近三角形,雌虫腹部卵圆形。【结论】明确了叉角厉蝽的发育历期和繁殖能力,证实叉角厉蝽无孤雌生殖现象。农业生产中可以喙的颜色、长度及翅芽发育作为叉角厉蝽主要形态鉴别特征。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】To determine the developmental duration and fecundity of Eocanthecona furcellata(Wolff)from egg to adult and to compare the main morphological distinguishing characteristics of the various insect states of E. furcellata,so as to provide theoretical support for propagation and development of biocontrol potential of E. furcellata.【Method】Under laboratory conditions,E. furcellata collected in Yuanjiang County of Yunnan Province and propagated for more than six generations in the laboratory were taken as the research object.Growth and development indexes(egg hatching rate,nymph survival rate and development period from egg to adult)of the bugs were determined by single-head feeding in petri dish method,and the characteristics of adult fecundity were determined by paired co-culture of males and females in the feeding box.In addition,the main morphological characteristics of each insect state were compared using microscopic photography system.【Result】The average developmental period from eggs to adults of E. furcellata was 29.00±1.41 d,the egg period was 8.00±0.21 d,and the nymph period was 19.76±0.12 d.The average developmental period from 1st to 5th instar was 3.24-5.38 d,the egg hatching rate was 92.91%,and the nymphs survive rate was 80.21%.The average lifespans of the female and male adults were 35.40±1.96 d and 37.40±2.65 d respectively.After mating,the number of times of egg production was 4.73±2.01 times,up to 9 times,at least 2 times and the average pre-oviposition stage was 7.87±2.75 d,and the spawning period lasted 14.33±5.13 d.The single fecundity of each female adult mating with a male adult was 59.46±15.77 eggs,and the single fecundity of the female adult without mating was 29.34±15.31 eggs,which were invalid eggs and could not be hatched.Eggs of E. furcellata were short cupshaped or cylindric,with egg caps and 10~12 prickles on the edge and metallic luster;1stto 5thinstar nymphs were often red and black,antennae of the nymphs were 4 segments.The 1st instar nymphs had obvious white rings at the end of 2nd and 3rd segments of antennae and dark red beaks,its length was close to body length and it has wingless buds.The 2nd instar nymphs with flat protruding anterior head segment,antennal ring turned red,and beak was black.The 3rd instar nymphs had obvious red rings at the end of 2nd and 3rd segments of antennae and the beak length was half of body length.The beak of the 4th instar nymph was half as long as the body,and with marked punctures on chest,the wing buds extending to the end of the chest.The 5thinstar nymphs with dark red beaks,and the beak length was shorter than half body length,middle and hind feet had white spots in middle part,wing buds reaching to the 3rd segment of abdomen.Adults’body usually were yellowish-brown and dark-brown-mixed,with dense punctures,and their abdomen had 5 segments,and their beak was yellowish-brown and the last segment of black,beak length of half of the body length,the lateral angle of the anterior thoracodorsal plate was prominent as a sword fork,male abdomen nearly triangular and female abdomen was oval.【Conclusion】The developmental period,fecundity and no parthenogenesis phenomenon of E. furcellata are clarified.The beak color,length and wing bud developmental stage are the main characteristics for distinguishing E. furcellata morphology.

     

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