肇庆地产高要藿香植物学性状及总黄酮含量分析

Botanical characteristics and total flavonoids content of Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.‘Gaoyaoensis’ produced in Zhaoqing

  • 摘要: 【目的】分析高要藿香植株不同部位总黄酮含量及其抗氧化活性差异,评鉴品种的适生性状和入药部位质量,为科学制定高要藿香种植技术规程及提升其药用品质提供科学依据。【方法】以3年生高要藿香为研究对象,观察并记录植株根、茎、叶等主要营养器官的植物学形态特性;测定不同叶龄和年份茎段、不同营养器官的含水量、总黄酮含量及对DPPH自由基(DPPH·)的清除能力,综合分析其各部位的入药品质。【结果】高要藿香的茎分为直立茎和匍匐茎,通常第4~10节的节部气生根或根凸明显;主茎匍匐,被栓皮,皮孔密集;直立茎节部的对生叶、腋芽和气生根三者一般协同生长。全叶被密集细绒状表皮毛或腺毛,部分匍匐茎长有1~2条大于90o分支的直立茎,植株丛生状。不同叶龄含水量为嫩叶>成熟叶>老叶,不同年份茎段含水量为1年生茎段>2年生茎段>3年生茎段,植株各营养器官含水量依次为叶>茎>根。高要藿香植株各部位均含有黄酮类化合物,各部位的总黄酮含量分别为嫩叶>成熟叶>老叶>1年生茎段>2年生茎段>3年生茎段>根。其中,叶部的总黄酮含量达6.86±0.034mg/g,为根的8.07倍和茎的2.36倍。植株叶和茎对DPPH·的清除率分别为90.71%和37.53%,而根仅为15.61%,表明广藿香植株的抗氧化活性表现为叶>茎>根。【结论】肇庆高要藿香的植物学特性更有利于其繁茂生长。根据植株不同叶龄和年份茎段的总黄酮含量及抗氧化活性差异,高要藿香的入药部位以叶为优,茎次之,根最差。结合广藿香以全草或地上部分采收的传统,建议以采收当年种植的植株较合适,同时去除根系和老茎段,取其嫩叶、成熟叶和1年生茎段入药为宜。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】The differences in the total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of different parts of Pogostemon cablin(Blanco)Benth.‘Gaoyaoensis’were analyzed. And the suitable traits and the quality of the medicinal parts were evaluated to provide scientific basis for scientifically formulating the planting technical regulations of P. cablin and improving the medicinal quality.【Method】Taking the three-year-old P. cablin as the research object,observed and recorded the botanical morphological characteristics of roots,stems,leaves and other main vegetative organs. The water content,total flavonoids content and DPPH free radical (DPPH·)scavenging ability in stems and vegetative organs of different leaf ages and years were determined,and the medicinal quality of each part was comprehensively analyzed.【Result】The stems of P. cablin were divided into erect stems and stolons,usually the 4th to 10th nodes had obvious aerial roots or prominent roots. The main stem was prostrate,corrugated,densely lenticels. The opposing leaves,axillary buds and aerial roots of the upright stem nodes generally grew cooperatively. The whole leaves were densely velvety epidermal hairs or glandular hairs,and some stolons had 1 to 2 upright stems with branches greater than 90°. The plants were tufted. The water content of different leaf ages was tender leaves>climax leaves>old leaves. The water content of stem segments in different years was annual stems> biennial stems>triennial stems. The order of water content of vegetative organs was leaf>stem>root. All parts of P. cablin contained flavonoids. The total flavonoids of each part of the plant was tender leaves>climax leaves>old leaves>annual stems>biennial stems>triennial stems>roots. The total flavonoids in leaves was 6.86±0.04 mg/g,which was 8.07 times as that of roots and 2.36 times as that of stems respectively. The DPPH · scavenging rates of leaves and stems were 90.71% and 37.53% respectively,while that of roots was only 15.61%. It showed that the antioxidant activity of patchouli was:leaves>stems>roots.【Conclusion】The botanical characteristics of P. cablin produces in Zhaoqing are more conducive to its lush growth. According to the difference in total flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of stems and leaves are of different leaf ages and years,the medicative part of P. cablin is the best in leaves,stems second,and roots the worst. Combining with the tradition that P. cablin is harvested from whole plant or above ground,it is recommended to harvest the P. cablin planted in the current year,remove the old stems of the root and take the tender leaves,climax leaves and annual stems as medicine.

     

/

返回文章
返回