Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of the paper was to study the effects of soil nutrients content in rhizosphere and medicinal quality of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. with different basal fertilizers，and to provide scientific basis for standardized fertilization and quality improvement of F. thunbergii.【Method】Using F. thunbergii from Wanzhou District of Chongqing as the experimental material，three different basal fertilizers were applied，namely organic fertilizer（S1）， compound inorganic fertilizer（S2）and organic-inorganic compound fertilizer（S3），respectively. With no basal fertilizer as the control（CK），the effects of different treatments on soil nutrients content in rhizosphere and medicinal quality of F.thunbergii were analyzed by measuring soil physical and chemical properties，soil enzyme activity，alkaloid content，nucleoside content and amino acid content in bulbs.【Result】Compared with CK，the three basal fertilizers increased soil nutrient content，soil enzyme activity（except polyphenol oxidase）in the rhizosphere of F. thunbergii in different degrees. Among them，the total nitrogen，total phosphorus，total potassium，available nitrogen，available phosphorus，available potassium and organic matter content of the soil treated with S3 were significantly increased by 82.21%，28.01%， 69.10%，829.41%，120.97%，175.89% and 22.82% compared with CK，respectively（P<0.05，the same below）. Compared with CK，the activities of protease，urease，neutral phosphatase，alkaline phosphatase，catalase and sucrase were increased by 186.4%，20.98%，42.87%，31.41%，25.37% and 44.59%，respectively. The soil pH of each fertilization treatment was lower than that of CK，and the soil had a different degree of acidification tendency，and the activity of polyphenol oxidase was lower than that of CK. In addition，the contents of peimisine，peimine，peiminine in the bulbs of F. vulgaris were significantly increased，which increased by 66.67%，162.16% and 47.64% respectively compared with CK. Correlation analysis results showed that there were significant or extremely significant（P<0.01，the same below）positive correlations between the three quality indexes of peimine，peiminine，peimisine and the contents of soil sucrase，catalase，acid phosphatase，neutral phosphatase，alkaline phosphatase，total nitrogen，total phosphorus and total potassium. But there was extremely significant negative correlation with polyphenol oxidase and soil pH.【Conclusion】In conclusion， compared with single organic fertilizer or single compound organic fertilizer containing trace elements，the organic-inorganic compound fertilizer can significantly increase soil nutrients，medicinal quality of F. thunbergii.