广西涠洲岛3种海参共附生细菌多样性及其延缓衰老活性分析

Diversity and anti-aging activity of the coepiphytic bacteria of three species of sea cucumbers from Weizhou Island in Guangxi

  • 摘要: 【目的】明确广西涠洲岛海参共附生细菌多样性,筛选出具有延缓衰老活性的菌株,为挖掘延缓衰老活性的新化合物提供菌种资源。【方法】选用9种选择性培养基对来源于广西涠洲岛的3种海参[异色哈威参(Havelockia versicolor)、玉足海参(Holothuria leucospilota)和方柱翼手参(Colochirus quadrangularis)]共10份样品进行共附生细菌分离纯化,基于16S rRNA测序分析其多样性,并以秀丽隐杆线虫(Caenorhabditis elegans)为模型评价共附生细菌发酵粗提物的延缓衰老活性。【结果】从广西涠洲岛3种海参中共分离获得63株共附生菌株,隶属于3门4纲14目25科35属,以放线菌纲(Actinobacteria)为优势菌群,共有31株(占49.21%);放线菌GXIMD LM0085和GXIMD LM0159有可能为潜在新种,与对应有效发表菌株Kocuria assamensisK.salsicia的相似性分别为97.38%和97.00%。不同培养基分离获得的海参共附生细菌在属类水平上存在明显的数量差异,以M9培养基分离获得的菌属数量最多(19属28株),P7培养基分离获得的最少(仅6属6株);在筛选确定的35属细菌中,仅Cobetia和嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas)在9种培养基均有生长分布,多达13个属仅在单一的培养基中生长。不同海参分离获得的共附生细菌数量排序为1#异色哈威参>方柱翼手参>2#异色哈威参>玉足海参,除了玉足海参外,其他3只海参体内的共附生放线菌相对丰度明显高于体表共附生放线菌相对丰度。线虫寿命试验发现,有6株共附生细菌的发酵粗提物能显著延长秀丽隐杆线虫寿命(P<0.05),分别是GXIMD LM0037(寡养单胞菌属)、GXIMD LM0005(链霉菌属)、GXIMD LM0071(副球菌属)、GXIMD LM0114(寡养单胞菌属)、GXIMD LM0099(原小单孢菌属)和GXIMD LM0032(短状杆菌属)。【结论】广西涠洲岛海域海参蕴含着多样性丰富的共附生细菌资源,具有潜在的新物种,且部分菌株具有延缓衰老活性,在延缓衰老活性物质挖掘及新型抗衰老药物研发方面具有巨大潜力。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】In order to reveal the bacterial diversity and screen out the coepiphytic bacteria for new antiaging compounds of sea cucumbers from Weizhou Island, Guangxi.【Method】Nine kinds of media were used to cultivate and separate associated bacteria from 10 samples come from 3 species of sea cucumbers(Havelockia versicolor, Holothuria leucospilota, and Colochirus quadrangularis). 16S rRNA sequencing was applied to analyze the community diversity. C. elegans models were used to estimate the anti-aging activities of the coepiphytic bacteria metabolites.【Result】A total of 63 species bacteria were isolated and identified, which belonging to 3 phyla, 4 classes, 15 orders, 25 families and 35 genera. The dominant microflora was Actinobacteria(31 strians, 49%), and 2 of them(GXIMD LM0085 and GXIMD LM0159) were identified to be putatively novel bacterial species, whose similarities to the published Kocuria assamensis and K. salsicia were 97.38% and 97.00%, respectively. Differences were found in the number of coepiphytic bacteria isolated from different media at genus level. The M9 medium had the largest number of strains and the richest diversity(19 genera, 28 strains). However, the P7 medium had the least number(6 genera, 6 strains). Among the identified 35 genera, only Cobetia and Halomonas were distributed in all 9 growth media, another 13 genus could grow in single medium. The number of symbiotic bacteria isolated from different sea cucumbers was in the order to sort as follows:1# H. versicolor>C. quadrangularis>2# H. versicolor>H. leucospilota. For these sea cucumbers except H. leucospilota, the relative abundance of symbiotic actinomycetes in vivo were greatly higher than those on their surface. In the anti-aging research, the lifetime of C. elegans was significantly prolonged(P<0.05) by the crude extracts of GXIMD LM0037(Stenotrophomonas), GXIMD LM0005(Streptomyces), GXIMD LM0071(Paracoccus), GXIMD LM0114(Stenotrophomonas), GXIMD LM0099 (Promicromonospora), and GXIMD LM0032(Brachybacterium).【Conclusion】There are abundant marine coepiphytic bacteria and potential opportunity to discover new species in the sea cucumbers from Weizhou Island. Some bacteria show anti-aging activity, which provides huge potential in the research and development of anti-aging active substances and new anti-aging drugs.

     

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