广陈皮干燥和仓储技术及装备的现状与对策

Current situation and countermeasures of drying and storage technology and equipment of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’

  • 摘要: 【目的】针对广陈皮规模化生产中重要环节,调研其干燥和仓储技术发展现状与应用问题,分析该领域遇到的技术和科学问题,为广陈皮干燥和仓储设备化发展提供科学参考。【方法】根据广陈皮特有的陈化过程工艺要求,系统调研目前柑皮集中干燥和大宗广陈皮贮藏环节相关技术装备的应用现状,结合广陈皮传统生晒工艺特征,通过对比研究不同技术及装备对广陈皮有效成分和品质的影响,以及对应生产成本和适应性等问题,分析广陈皮干燥和仓储技术及装备的空白或薄弱环节,以及目前急需研究的关键技术和今后发展方向。【结果】目前广陈皮干燥设备领域,利用热泵技术的热风干燥和微波干燥设备效率最高,真空冷冻干燥和变温压差膨化干燥技术下广陈皮有效成分损耗最小,利用阳光生晒设施干燥方式成本最低,但综合关键因素耦合分析,几种干燥技术和装备均存在不足。在仓储领域,使用麻袋和胶框贮藏通风性较好,但挥发性物质损耗较大,铁皮箱次之,陶罐和玻璃罐等密封容器贮藏易防潮防虫,但不利于陈化,个别大型企业探索的一种特制不锈钢网格箱较好融合以上优点,但实际规格参数有待优化;大部分企业仓储参数为室内温度20~33℃、相对湿度低于60%,广陈皮含水量控制在13%以内最佳,从安全高效和仓储设施化应用角度出发,智能化和信息化是大宗广陈皮仓储的必然方向。【建议】建立高效的广陈皮干燥和仓储技术标准体系、科学的品质分级制度,构建快速智能霉变风险防控系统,规范出入仓与计量溯源流程,以促进广陈皮规范化、规模化可持续发展。

     

    Abstract: 【Objective】 To provide a reference for the development of Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ drying and storage equipment and to investigate the current status and problems in the application of drying and storage technologies in the large-scale production of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’.【Method】 Taking into account the unique requirements for C. reticulata ‘Chachi’ aging, the current technology and equipment applied to the drying of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’ peels and storage were compared with traditional methods and their effects on C. reticulata ‘Chachi ’active ingredients,quality, production costs and adaptability.【Result】 Hot air and microwave drying equipment with heat pump technology had the highest efficiencies for drying, whereas vacuum freeze-drying and explosion puffing technologies showed the least loss of active ingredients. Raw sunlight drying facilities had the lowest cost. However,the comprehensive key factors coupling analysis, several existing drying technologies and equipment are insufficient at present. For storage, the use of sacks and rubber frame storage ventilation was better but this was associated with the loss of volatile substances. An iron box was the second best, while ceramic, glass storage jars or other sealed containers protected against moisture loss and insects, but did not promote aging. Individual large enterprises have explored a special stainless steel grid box to better integrate the best characteristics of the above, but the actual specifications of this equipment remain to be optimized. Most enterprises store at 20-33℃ with a relative humidity of less than 60%,and its moisture content control within 13% of the best. For safe and efficient mass storage of chichi,it is inevitable that intelligent and information technology will be increasingly relied upon.【Suggestion】 To efficiently industrialize mass C. reticulata ‘Chachi’ production,the following are required:establish efficient and standard drying and storage systems with scientific grading of product quality;the construction of fast and intelligent mold risk prevention and control systems;the standardization the inlet and outlet and measurement traceability process;promote the standardization and sustainable development of C. reticulata ‘Chachi’.

     

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